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Routine third-trimester ultrasonography and child neurodevelopmental outcomes: a follow-up of a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial.

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Title: Routine third-trimester ultrasonography and child neurodevelopmental outcomes: a follow-up of a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial.
Authors: Henrichs, Jens (AUTHOR), van Roekel, Marielle (AUTHOR), Witteveen, Anke B. (AUTHOR), Veder, Michael (AUTHOR), Feenstra, Yoni (AUTHOR), Franx, Arie (AUTHOR), de Kroon, Marlou L. A. (AUTHOR), van Baar, Anneloes (AUTHOR), Verhoeven, Corine J. (AUTHOR), de Jonge, Ank (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology. Mar2026, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p632-647. 16p.
Subjects: Research funding, T-test (Statistics), Body mass index, Third trimester of pregnancy, Fetal growth retardation, Statistical sampling, Multiple regression analysis, Questionnaires, Fetal ultrasonic imaging, Emotions, Randomized controlled trials, Chi-squared test, Descriptive statistics, Routine diagnostic tests, Prenatal care, Surveys, Longitudinal method, Child development, Gestational age, Comparative studies, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, Child behavior
Geographic Terms: Netherlands
Abstract: Aims/Background: Routine third-trimester ultrasonography is increasingly conducted to screen for foetal growth restriction (FGR) and reduce adverse perinatal and child neurodevelopmental outcomes using timely obstetric management. While it did not reduce adverse perinatal outcomes in previous trials, evidence regarding its association with child neurodevelopmental outcome is absent. We examined whether routine third-trimester ultrasonography is positively associated with child developmental and behavioural/emotional outcomes compared to usual care. Design/Methods: Dutch mothers with a low-risk pregnancy participating in a subsample (n = 1070) of a nationwide cluster-randomised trial reported infant (age 6 months) and toddler (age 28 months) developmental milestones (Ages and Stages Questionnaire) and toddlers' internalising and externalising problems (Child Behavior Checklist). Usual care (n = 380) comprised selective ultrasonography. The intervention strategy (n = 690) included two routine third-trimester ultrasounds next to usual care. Both strategies applied the same interdisciplinary protocol for FGR detection and management. Results: Adjusted linear mixed-level regressions revealed that routine third-trimester ultrasonography was positively but modestly related to z-standardised infant developmental milestones at 6-month follow-up, B = 0.20, 95%CI [0.07; 0.32], p = 0.003, compared to usual care. At 28-month follow-up, these strategies did not differ in child developmental outcome and internalising and externalising problems. Conclusion: Routine third-trimester ultrasonography was positively but modestly associated with infant development. In toddlerhood, routine ultrasonography was not related to child developmental and behavioural/emotional outcomes. Overall, these findings do not support the implementation of routine third-trimester ultrasonography for low-risk pregnant women for reasons concerning children's early neurodevelopmental outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Routine third-trimester ultrasonography and child neurodevelopmental outcomes: a follow-up of a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Reproductive+%26+Infant+Psychology%22">Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p632-647. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Netherlands%22">Netherlands</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Aims/Background: Routine third-trimester ultrasonography is increasingly conducted to screen for foetal growth restriction (FGR) and reduce adverse perinatal and child neurodevelopmental outcomes using timely obstetric management. While it did not reduce adverse perinatal outcomes in previous trials, evidence regarding its association with child neurodevelopmental outcome is absent. We examined whether routine third-trimester ultrasonography is positively associated with child developmental and behavioural/emotional outcomes compared to usual care. Design/Methods: Dutch mothers with a low-risk pregnancy participating in a subsample (n = 1070) of a nationwide cluster-randomised trial reported infant (age 6 months) and toddler (age 28 months) developmental milestones (Ages and Stages Questionnaire) and toddlers' internalising and externalising problems (Child Behavior Checklist). Usual care (n = 380) comprised selective ultrasonography. The intervention strategy (n = 690) included two routine third-trimester ultrasounds next to usual care. Both strategies applied the same interdisciplinary protocol for FGR detection and management. Results: Adjusted linear mixed-level regressions revealed that routine third-trimester ultrasonography was positively but modestly related to z-standardised infant developmental milestones at 6-month follow-up, B = 0.20, 95%CI [0.07; 0.32], p = 0.003, compared to usual care. At 28-month follow-up, these strategies did not differ in child developmental outcome and internalising and externalising problems. Conclusion: Routine third-trimester ultrasonography was positively but modestly associated with infant development. In toddlerhood, routine ultrasonography was not related to child developmental and behavioural/emotional outcomes. Overall, these findings do not support the implementation of routine third-trimester ultrasonography for low-risk pregnant women for reasons concerning children's early neurodevelopmental outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/02646838.2024.2409145
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 632
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Body mass index
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Third trimester of pregnancy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fetal growth retardation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multiple regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fetal ultrasonic imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Randomized controlled trials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Routine diagnostic tests
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      – SubjectFull: Prenatal care
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      – SubjectFull: Surveys
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      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
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      – SubjectFull: Netherlands
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              Text: Mar2026
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