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Prevalence of Clinical Obesity Based on Updated Definitions Among Women by Sexual Identity: Results from 2001 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

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Title: Prevalence of Clinical Obesity Based on Updated Definitions Among Women by Sexual Identity: Results from 2001 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Authors: VanKim, Nicole A. (AUTHOR), Putnam, Natalia (AUTHOR), Chipkin, Stuart R. (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Women's Health (15409996). Apr2026, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p396-404. 9p.
Subjects: Cross-sectional method, Research funding, Body mass index, Terms & phrases, LGBTQ+ people, Multiple regression analysis, Socioeconomic factors, Questionnaires, Sexual orientation identity, Sex distribution, Human sexuality, Functional assessment, Descriptive statistics, Functional status, Odds ratio, Sex customs, Nutritional status, Metabolic syndrome, Sexual minorities, Women's health, Health equity, Anthropometry, Data analysis software, Sociodemographic factors, Confidence intervals, Obesity, Biomarkers, Activities of daily living, Regression analysis
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: Introduction: Previous work has consistently shown a higher prevalence of obesity based on body mass index (BMI) among lesbian women and, more recently, also among bisexual women. New recommendations on defining clinical obesity suggest the inclusion of other physical health measures related to physiological health and/or physical limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine sexual identity-based differences in clinical obesity among women using updated definitions. Methods: 2001–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were analyzed in 2024 to 2025. Body mass index, metabolic biomarkers, and physical functioning were used to estimate prevalence of clinical obesity for each sexual identity group (heterosexual n = 11,054; lesbian/gay n = 171; bisexual n = 464; something else n = 94; "not sure" n = 289). Logistic regression models were fit to assess sexual identity-based differences in clinical obesity. Covariates included age, race/ethnicity, income, education, and relationship status. Results: With metabolic biomarkers, there was no statistically significant difference in prevalence of clinical obesity between lesbian/gay and heterosexual women. With physical functioning only, prevalence was higher among lesbian/gay than heterosexual women (OR range: 2.0–2.5). Bisexual women consistently had higher prevalence of clinical obesity than heterosexual women (OR range: 1.2–2.1) across all definitions. There were no other sexual identity-based differences in clinical obesity. Conclusion: Based on updated recommendations, physical functioning may better capture clinical obesity among lesbian/gay and bisexual than heterosexual women with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 than metabolic biomarkers. However, bisexual women continued to have higher risk for clinical obesity, and additional work is needed to better understand the factors that contribute to this disparity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Women's Health (15409996) is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Prevalence of Clinical Obesity Based on Updated Definitions Among Women by Sexual Identity: Results from 2001 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Women's+Health+%2815409996%29%22">Journal of Women's Health (15409996)</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p396-404. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Body+mass+index%22">Body mass index</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Terms+%26+phrases%22">Terms & phrases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22LGBTQ%2B+people%22">LGBTQ+ people</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiple+regression+analysis%22">Multiple regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Socioeconomic+factors%22">Socioeconomic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sexual+orientation+identity%22">Sexual orientation identity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+distribution%22">Sex distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+sexuality%22">Human sexuality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Functional+assessment%22">Functional assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Functional+status%22">Functional status</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+customs%22">Sex customs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nutritional+status%22">Nutritional status</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metabolic+syndrome%22">Metabolic syndrome</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sexual+minorities%22">Sexual minorities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Women's+health%22">Women's health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+equity%22">Health equity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anthropometry%22">Anthropometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sociodemographic+factors%22">Sociodemographic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Obesity%22">Obesity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomarkers%22">Biomarkers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Activities+of+daily+living%22">Activities of daily living</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction: Previous work has consistently shown a higher prevalence of obesity based on body mass index (BMI) among lesbian women and, more recently, also among bisexual women. New recommendations on defining clinical obesity suggest the inclusion of other physical health measures related to physiological health and/or physical limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine sexual identity-based differences in clinical obesity among women using updated definitions. Methods: 2001–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were analyzed in 2024 to 2025. Body mass index, metabolic biomarkers, and physical functioning were used to estimate prevalence of clinical obesity for each sexual identity group (heterosexual n = 11,054; lesbian/gay n = 171; bisexual n = 464; something else n = 94; "not sure" n = 289). Logistic regression models were fit to assess sexual identity-based differences in clinical obesity. Covariates included age, race/ethnicity, income, education, and relationship status. Results: With metabolic biomarkers, there was no statistically significant difference in prevalence of clinical obesity between lesbian/gay and heterosexual women. With physical functioning only, prevalence was higher among lesbian/gay than heterosexual women (OR range: 2.0–2.5). Bisexual women consistently had higher prevalence of clinical obesity than heterosexual women (OR range: 1.2–2.1) across all definitions. There were no other sexual identity-based differences in clinical obesity. Conclusion: Based on updated recommendations, physical functioning may better capture clinical obesity among lesbian/gay and bisexual than heterosexual women with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 than metabolic biomarkers. However, bisexual women continued to have higher risk for clinical obesity, and additional work is needed to better understand the factors that contribute to this disparity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Women's Health (15409996) is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=191764538
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1177/15409996251401467
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 396
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Body mass index
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Terms & phrases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: LGBTQ+ people
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multiple regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sexual orientation identity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Human sexuality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Functional assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Functional status
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Odds ratio
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex customs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nutritional status
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metabolic syndrome
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sexual minorities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Women's health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health equity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anthropometry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sociodemographic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Obesity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomarkers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Activities of daily living
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Prevalence of Clinical Obesity Based on Updated Definitions Among Women by Sexual Identity: Results from 2001 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
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            NameFull: VanKim, Nicole A.
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            NameFull: Putnam, Natalia
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            NameFull: Chipkin, Stuart R.
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            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 35
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
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