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Psychology's evolution: Two decades of the world anti-doping code and global doping prevention.

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Title: Psychology's evolution: Two decades of the world anti-doping code and global doping prevention.
Authors: Boardley, Ian (AUTHOR)
Source: Sport & Exercise Psychology Review. Dec2025, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p38-54. 17p.
Subjects: Doping in sports, Psychological factors, Mixed methods research, Sports psychology, Qualitative research, Quantitative research, Sports ethics, Anti-doping policy in sports
Abstract: In an attempt to address the critical issue of doping in sport, the first World Anti-Doping Code (WADC) was introduced in 2003. Over the following 20 years, researchers conducted both quantitative and qualitative research to aid our understanding of the psychological and social factors that influence doping. To date, there has been no comprehensive review of this body of research. To address this gap, a narrative review was conducted to explore publication, methodological, and theoretical trends in quantitative and qualitative doping research over the relevant period. The review identifies an increase in both quantitative and qualitative research over the 20 years, with a dominance of quantitative research, predominantly adopting cross-sectional designs. Conceptually, two theories were most dominant in quantitative research, whereas qualitative research exhibited greater theoretical diversity and a higher percentage of atheoretical studies. The findings highlight the need for more robust and ecologically valid research applicable to real-world anti-doping and clean sport education. The review also highlights the potential of mixed methods research to leverage the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Building on these insights, the goal is for future research to make considerable progress in understanding and addressing doping in sport over the second 20 years of the WADC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sport & Exercise Psychology Review is the property of British Psychological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Psychology's evolution: Two decades of the world anti-doping code and global doping prevention.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boardley%2C+Ian%22">Boardley, Ian</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Sport+%26+Exercise+Psychology+Review%22">Sport & Exercise Psychology Review</searchLink>. Dec2025, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p38-54. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Doping+in+sports%22">Doping in sports</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+factors%22">Psychological factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mixed+methods+research%22">Mixed methods research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sports+psychology%22">Sports psychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Qualitative+research%22">Qualitative research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantitative+research%22">Quantitative research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sports+ethics%22">Sports ethics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anti-doping+policy+in+sports%22">Anti-doping policy in sports</searchLink>
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  Data: In an attempt to address the critical issue of doping in sport, the first World Anti-Doping Code (WADC) was introduced in 2003. Over the following 20 years, researchers conducted both quantitative and qualitative research to aid our understanding of the psychological and social factors that influence doping. To date, there has been no comprehensive review of this body of research. To address this gap, a narrative review was conducted to explore publication, methodological, and theoretical trends in quantitative and qualitative doping research over the relevant period. The review identifies an increase in both quantitative and qualitative research over the 20 years, with a dominance of quantitative research, predominantly adopting cross-sectional designs. Conceptually, two theories were most dominant in quantitative research, whereas qualitative research exhibited greater theoretical diversity and a higher percentage of atheoretical studies. The findings highlight the need for more robust and ecologically valid research applicable to real-world anti-doping and clean sport education. The review also highlights the potential of mixed methods research to leverage the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Building on these insights, the goal is for future research to make considerable progress in understanding and addressing doping in sport over the second 20 years of the WADC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Sport & Exercise Psychology Review is the property of British Psychological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.53841/bpssepr.2025.20.1.38
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Doping in sports
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      – SubjectFull: Mixed methods research
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      – SubjectFull: Sports ethics
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              Text: Dec2025
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