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Perceptions of Espoused Versus Enacted Culture Around Sexual Misconduct and Other Offenses Among U.S. Military Service Members.

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Title: Perceptions of Espoused Versus Enacted Culture Around Sexual Misconduct and Other Offenses Among U.S. Military Service Members.
Authors: Lucas, Jeffrey W., Hanges, Paul J., Beavan, Kelly, Epistola, Jordan, Forgo, Emily, Shapiro, Debra L.
Source: Armed Forces & Society (Sage Publications Inc.). Apr2026, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p549-575. 27p.
Subjects: Sexual assault, Harassment, American military personnel, Toleration, Military culture
Abstract: Interviews and focus groups with active-duty U.S. military service members and students at military service academies investigated relationships between espoused and enacted culture in perceptions of sexual assault and harassment versus other types of offenses. Results show that participants widely understood and accepted an espoused culture that is intolerant of sexual misconduct. The enacted culture included tolerance of some forms of sexual misconduct, differences in conduct in private versus public settings, and widespread resentment of frequent trainings. Results also showed cynicism about service treatments for all types of offenses, but especially for sexual misconduct. Of note is that participants tended to perceive inconsistencies in consequences for sexual misconduct in terms of who faced punishment, whereas for other offenses, they tended to see inconsistencies in what types of consequences were administered. Results demonstrate the value of efforts to align trainings with cultures that consistently discourage behaviors trainings are designed to eliminate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Armed Forces & Society (Sage Publications Inc.) is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sexual+assault%22">Sexual assault</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Harassment%22">Harassment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22American+military+personnel%22">American military personnel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Toleration%22">Toleration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Military+culture%22">Military culture</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Interviews and focus groups with active-duty U.S. military service members and students at military service academies investigated relationships between espoused and enacted culture in perceptions of sexual assault and harassment versus other types of offenses. Results show that participants widely understood and accepted an espoused culture that is intolerant of sexual misconduct. The enacted culture included tolerance of some forms of sexual misconduct, differences in conduct in private versus public settings, and widespread resentment of frequent trainings. Results also showed cynicism about service treatments for all types of offenses, but especially for sexual misconduct. Of note is that participants tended to perceive inconsistencies in consequences for sexual misconduct in terms of who faced punishment, whereas for other offenses, they tended to see inconsistencies in what types of consequences were administered. Results demonstrate the value of efforts to align trainings with cultures that consistently discourage behaviors trainings are designed to eliminate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Armed Forces & Society (Sage Publications Inc.) is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=192308149
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        Value: 10.1177/0095327X231153434
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Sexual assault
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Harassment
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      – SubjectFull: American military personnel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Toleration
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              Text: Apr2026
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