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Self-Reported Multidimensional Gender Identity in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children.

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Title: Self-Reported Multidimensional Gender Identity in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children.
Authors: To, Jacqueline C. S. (AUTHOR), Hui, Marshall M. C. (AUTHOR), Kung, Karson T. F. (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders. Apr2026, Vol. 56 Issue 4, p1526-1534. 9p.
Subjects: Self-evaluation, Cross-sectional method, Behavior disorders, Gender identity, Research funding, T-test (Statistics), Autism, Sex distribution, Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U Test, Analysis of covariance, Gender expression, Child development, Asperger's syndrome, Comparative studies, Nonparametric statistics, Self-perception, Children
Geographic Terms: Hong Kong (China)
Abstract: Absract: Purpose: The several prior studies assessing gender identity in young autistic individuals mostly included a mix of child and adolescent participants, heavily relied on parent-reported measures, and yielded mixed findings. A single parent-reported item from the Child Behavior Checklist assessing "wish to be of the opposite sex" was employed in most of these studies. Only one prior study focused specifically on children, but that study employed parent-reported measures. Methods: Using self-reported multidimensional measures, the present study assessed gender identity in autistic and non-autistic children aged 4 to 11 years (30 autistic boys, 35 non-autistic boys, 20 autistic girls, 35 non-autistic girls). Child-friendly measures were used to assess own-gender similarity, other-gender similarity, gender contentedness, and wish to be of the other gender. Vocabulary and non-verbal reasoning were also assessed. Results: Based on descriptive statistics, compared with non-autistic boys, autistic boys showed increased gender identity variance across all four dimensions (lower own-gender similarity, higher other-gender similarity, lower gender contentedness, greater wish to be of the other gender). These group differences between autistic and non-autistic boys were medium and statistically significant for three of the four dimensions and small-to-medium and marginally significant for the remaining dimension. Autistic girls and non-autistic girls did not show consistent or significant differences in gender identity. There were no differences between the autistic and non-autistic groups in vocabulary or non-verbal reasoning in either boys or girls. Conclusion: Gender identity variance may emerge early in development in autistic individuals, but the trajectory may differ for boys and girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Self-Reported Multidimensional Gender Identity in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22To%2C+Jacqueline+C%2E+S%2E%22">To, Jacqueline C. S.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hui%2C+Marshall+M%2E+C%2E%22">Hui, Marshall M. C.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kung%2C+Karson+T%2E+F%2E%22">Kung, Karson T. F.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Autism+%26+Developmental+Disorders%22">Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 56 Issue 4, p1526-1534. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-evaluation%22">Self-evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior+disorders%22">Behavior disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+identity%22">Gender identity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autism%22">Autism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+distribution%22">Sex distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mann+Whitney+U+Test%22">Mann Whitney U Test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+covariance%22">Analysis of covariance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+expression%22">Gender expression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+development%22">Child development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Asperger's+syndrome%22">Asperger's syndrome</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonparametric+statistics%22">Nonparametric statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-perception%22">Self-perception</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink>
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Absract: Purpose: The several prior studies assessing gender identity in young autistic individuals mostly included a mix of child and adolescent participants, heavily relied on parent-reported measures, and yielded mixed findings. A single parent-reported item from the Child Behavior Checklist assessing "wish to be of the opposite sex" was employed in most of these studies. Only one prior study focused specifically on children, but that study employed parent-reported measures. Methods: Using self-reported multidimensional measures, the present study assessed gender identity in autistic and non-autistic children aged 4 to 11 years (30 autistic boys, 35 non-autistic boys, 20 autistic girls, 35 non-autistic girls). Child-friendly measures were used to assess own-gender similarity, other-gender similarity, gender contentedness, and wish to be of the other gender. Vocabulary and non-verbal reasoning were also assessed. Results: Based on descriptive statistics, compared with non-autistic boys, autistic boys showed increased gender identity variance across all four dimensions (lower own-gender similarity, higher other-gender similarity, lower gender contentedness, greater wish to be of the other gender). These group differences between autistic and non-autistic boys were medium and statistically significant for three of the four dimensions and small-to-medium and marginally significant for the remaining dimension. Autistic girls and non-autistic girls did not show consistent or significant differences in gender identity. There were no differences between the autistic and non-autistic groups in vocabulary or non-verbal reasoning in either boys or girls. Conclusion: Gender identity variance may emerge early in development in autistic individuals, but the trajectory may differ for boys and girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10803-024-06667-x
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 1526
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Self-evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Behavior disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gender identity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
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      – SubjectFull: Autism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
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      – SubjectFull: Analysis of covariance
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      – SubjectFull: Gender expression
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      – SubjectFull: Child development
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      – SubjectFull: Asperger's syndrome
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      – SubjectFull: Self-perception
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      – SubjectFull: Children
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      – SubjectFull: Hong Kong (China)
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      – TitleFull: Self-Reported Multidimensional Gender Identity in Autistic and Non-Autistic Children.
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              Text: Apr2026
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