View in EDS

Pharmacotherapy and overdose risk following new opioid use disorder diagnosis among Medicaid beneficiaries.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Pharmacotherapy and overdose risk following new opioid use disorder diagnosis among Medicaid beneficiaries.
Authors: Treitler, Peter (AUTHOR), Samples, Hillary (AUTHOR), Hermida, Richard (AUTHOR), Miles, Jennifer (AUTHOR), Stone, Elizabeth M. (AUTHOR), Crystal, Stephen (AUTHOR)
Source: American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse. 2026, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p64-74. 11p.
Subjects: Methadone treatment programs, Buprenorphine, Health equity, Naltrexone, Drug overdose, Opioids, Opioid abuse, Medicaid beneficiaries
Abstract: Background: Timely initiation and continuation of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) following a new opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis reduces overdose risk. Objectives: To examine patient- and community-level factors associated with timely MOUD receipt and the association of these factors and MOUD modality (buprenorphine, methadone, naltrexone) with subsequent overdose. Methods: This cohort study included Medicaid enrollees in 44 states aged 18–64 with a new OUD diagnosis between April 2016 and December 2019. Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards models assessed time (in days) to MOUD receipt and medically-treated nonfatal overdose stratified by involvement of heroin/synthetic vs. other (primarily prescription) opioids only. Models adjusted for patient, county, and state-level covariates, and models examining overdose additionally adjusted for time-varying (daily) MOUD receipt. Results: Of 1,172,200 Medicaid enrollees with a new OUD diagnosis, 51.8% were female, 55.8% White, and 42.2% aged 30–44. Most (69.2%) did not receive MOUD within 180 days. MOUD receipt was lower among Black (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.68, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.67–0.69) and Hispanic (HR = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.90–0.92) compared to White enrollees. During follow-up, 3.2% of enrollees experienced heroin/synthetic opioid overdose, with reduced risk more strongly associated with methadone (HR = 0.14, 95%CI = 0.12–0.15) and buprenorphine (HR = 0.23, 95%CI = 0.22–0.25) than naltrexone (HR = 0.70, 95%CI 0.64–0.77). Conclusion: Use of methadone and buprenorphine, and to a lesser extent naltrexone, are associated with lower overdose risk among Medicaid beneficiaries newly diagnosed with OUD. State and local policies aimed at increasing timely, equitable, and sustained treatment receipt are needed to address the opioid epidemic and reduce disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: pbh
DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
An: 192371704
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Pharmacotherapy and overdose risk following new opioid use disorder diagnosis among Medicaid beneficiaries.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Treitler%2C+Peter%22">Treitler, Peter</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Samples%2C+Hillary%22">Samples, Hillary</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hermida%2C+Richard%22">Hermida, Richard</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Miles%2C+Jennifer%22">Miles, Jennifer</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stone%2C+Elizabeth+M%2E%22">Stone, Elizabeth M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Crystal%2C+Stephen%22">Crystal, Stephen</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Drug+%26+Alcohol+Abuse%22">American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p64-74. 11p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Methadone+treatment+programs%22">Methadone treatment programs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Buprenorphine%22">Buprenorphine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+equity%22">Health equity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Naltrexone%22">Naltrexone</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+overdose%22">Drug overdose</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Opioids%22">Opioids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Opioid+abuse%22">Opioid abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medicaid+beneficiaries%22">Medicaid beneficiaries</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Timely initiation and continuation of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) following a new opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis reduces overdose risk. Objectives: To examine patient- and community-level factors associated with timely MOUD receipt and the association of these factors and MOUD modality (buprenorphine, methadone, naltrexone) with subsequent overdose. Methods: This cohort study included Medicaid enrollees in 44 states aged 18–64 with a new OUD diagnosis between April 2016 and December 2019. Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards models assessed time (in days) to MOUD receipt and medically-treated nonfatal overdose stratified by involvement of heroin/synthetic vs. other (primarily prescription) opioids only. Models adjusted for patient, county, and state-level covariates, and models examining overdose additionally adjusted for time-varying (daily) MOUD receipt. Results: Of 1,172,200 Medicaid enrollees with a new OUD diagnosis, 51.8% were female, 55.8% White, and 42.2% aged 30–44. Most (69.2%) did not receive MOUD within 180 days. MOUD receipt was lower among Black (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.68, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.67–0.69) and Hispanic (HR = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.90–0.92) compared to White enrollees. During follow-up, 3.2% of enrollees experienced heroin/synthetic opioid overdose, with reduced risk more strongly associated with methadone (HR = 0.14, 95%CI = 0.12–0.15) and buprenorphine (HR = 0.23, 95%CI = 0.22–0.25) than naltrexone (HR = 0.70, 95%CI 0.64–0.77). Conclusion: Use of methadone and buprenorphine, and to a lesser extent naltrexone, are associated with lower overdose risk among Medicaid beneficiaries newly diagnosed with OUD. State and local policies aimed at increasing timely, equitable, and sustained treatment receipt are needed to address the opioid epidemic and reduce disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=192371704
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/00952990.2025.2557917
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 64
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Methadone treatment programs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Buprenorphine
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health equity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Naltrexone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug overdose
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Opioids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Opioid abuse
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medicaid beneficiaries
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Pharmacotherapy and overdose risk following new opioid use disorder diagnosis among Medicaid beneficiaries.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Treitler, Peter
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Samples, Hillary
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hermida, Richard
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Miles, Jennifer
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Stone, Elizabeth M.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Crystal, Stephen
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 00952990
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 52
            – Type: issue
              Value: 1
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse
              Type: main
ResultId 1