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Hypothalamic subunit volumes and relations to violence and psychopathy in male offenders with or without a psychotic disorder.

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Title: Hypothalamic subunit volumes and relations to violence and psychopathy in male offenders with or without a psychotic disorder.
Authors: Bell, Christina (AUTHOR), Rokicki, Jaroslav (AUTHOR), Tesli, Natalia (AUTHOR), Gurholt, Tiril P. (AUTHOR), Hjell, Gabriela (AUTHOR), Fischer-Vieler, Thomas (AUTHOR), Bang, Nina (AUTHOR), Melle, Ingrid (AUTHOR), Agartz, Ingrid (AUTHOR), Andreassen, Ole A. (AUTHOR), Ringen, Petter Andreas (AUTHOR), Rasmussen, Kirsten (AUTHOR), Dahl, Hilde (AUTHOR), Friestad, Christine (AUTHOR), Haukvik, Unn K. (AUTHOR)
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience. Apr2026, Vol. 276 Issue 3, p1301-1312. 12p.
Subjects: Hypothalamus, Violence, Magnetic resonance imaging, Psychopathy, Animal aggression, Psychoses, Criminals
Abstract: The hypothalamus is key to body homeostasis, including regulating cortisol, testosterone, vasopressin, and oxytocin hormones, modulating aggressive behavior. Animal studies have linked the morphology and function of the hypothalamus to aggression and affiliation, with a subregional pattern reflecting the functional division between the hypothalamic nuclei. We explored the relationship between hypothalamic subunit volumes in violent offenders with (PSY-V) and without (NPV) a psychotic disorder, and the association with psychopathy traits. 3T MRI scans (n = 628, all male 18–70 years) were obtained from PSY-V, n = 38, NPV, n = 20, non-violent psychosis patients (PSY-NV), n = 134, and healthy controls (HC), n = 436. The total hypothalamus volume and its eleven nuclei were delineated into five subunits using Freesurfer v7.3. Psychopathy traits were assessed with Psychopathy Checklist-revised (PCL-R). ANCOVAs and linear regressions were used to analyze associations with subunit volumes. Both groups with a history of violence exhibited smaller anterior–superior subunit volumes than HC (NPV Cohen's d = 0.56, p = 0.01 and PSY-V d = 0.38, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between HC and PSY-NV. PCL-R scores were positively associated with the inferior tubular subunit on a trend level (uncorrected p = 0.045, Cohen's d = 0.04). We found distinct hypothalamic subunit volume reductions in persons with a history of violence independent of concomitant psychotic disorder but not in persons with psychosis alone. The results provide further information about the involvement of the hypothalamus in aggression, which ultimately may lead to the development of targeted treatment for the clinical and societal challenge of aggression and violent behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Hypothalamic subunit volumes and relations to violence and psychopathy in male offenders with or without a psychotic disorder.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bell%2C+Christina%22">Bell, Christina</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rokicki%2C+Jaroslav%22">Rokicki, Jaroslav</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tesli%2C+Natalia%22">Tesli, Natalia</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gurholt%2C+Tiril+P%2E%22">Gurholt, Tiril P.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hjell%2C+Gabriela%22">Hjell, Gabriela</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fischer-Vieler%2C+Thomas%22">Fischer-Vieler, Thomas</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bang%2C+Nina%22">Bang, Nina</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Melle%2C+Ingrid%22">Melle, Ingrid</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Agartz%2C+Ingrid%22">Agartz, Ingrid</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Andreassen%2C+Ole+A%2E%22">Andreassen, Ole A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ringen%2C+Petter+Andreas%22">Ringen, Petter Andreas</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rasmussen%2C+Kirsten%22">Rasmussen, Kirsten</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dahl%2C+Hilde%22">Dahl, Hilde</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Friestad%2C+Christine%22">Friestad, Christine</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Haukvik%2C+Unn+K%2E%22">Haukvik, Unn K.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Archives+of+Psychiatry+%26+Clinical+Neuroscience%22">European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 276 Issue 3, p1301-1312. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hypothalamus%22">Hypothalamus</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Violence%22">Violence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">Magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychopathy%22">Psychopathy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Animal+aggression%22">Animal aggression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychoses%22">Psychoses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Criminals%22">Criminals</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The hypothalamus is key to body homeostasis, including regulating cortisol, testosterone, vasopressin, and oxytocin hormones, modulating aggressive behavior. Animal studies have linked the morphology and function of the hypothalamus to aggression and affiliation, with a subregional pattern reflecting the functional division between the hypothalamic nuclei. We explored the relationship between hypothalamic subunit volumes in violent offenders with (PSY-V) and without (NPV) a psychotic disorder, and the association with psychopathy traits. 3T MRI scans (n = 628, all male 18–70 years) were obtained from PSY-V, n = 38, NPV, n = 20, non-violent psychosis patients (PSY-NV), n = 134, and healthy controls (HC), n = 436. The total hypothalamus volume and its eleven nuclei were delineated into five subunits using Freesurfer v7.3. Psychopathy traits were assessed with Psychopathy Checklist-revised (PCL-R). ANCOVAs and linear regressions were used to analyze associations with subunit volumes. Both groups with a history of violence exhibited smaller anterior–superior subunit volumes than HC (NPV Cohen's d = 0.56, p = 0.01 and PSY-V d = 0.38, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between HC and PSY-NV. PCL-R scores were positively associated with the inferior tubular subunit on a trend level (uncorrected p = 0.045, Cohen's d = 0.04). We found distinct hypothalamic subunit volume reductions in persons with a history of violence independent of concomitant psychotic disorder but not in persons with psychosis alone. The results provide further information about the involvement of the hypothalamus in aggression, which ultimately may lead to the development of targeted treatment for the clinical and societal challenge of aggression and violent behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00406-023-01725-4
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Violence
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic resonance imaging
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      – SubjectFull: Psychopathy
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      – SubjectFull: Animal aggression
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      – SubjectFull: Psychoses
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              Text: Apr2026
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