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Rethinking drug resistance in focal cortical dysplasia‐related epilepsy.

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Title: Rethinking drug resistance in focal cortical dysplasia‐related epilepsy.
Authors: Cohen, Nathan T. (AUTHOR), Oluigbo, Chima O. (AUTHOR), Perry, M. Scott (AUTHOR), Gaillard, William D. (AUTHOR)
Source: Epilepsia (Series 4). Mar2026, Vol. 67 Issue 3, p1519-1520. 2p.
Subjects: Focal cortical dysplasia, Treatment delay (Medicine), Epilepsy surgery, Treatment effectiveness, Anticonvulsants, Epilepsy
Abstract: The article focuses on the limitations of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) definition of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) as a barrier to timely epilepsy surgery in patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). It highlights that FCD, especially type II, is strongly associated with early-onset DRE, with most patients developing drug resistance after failure of just one antiseizure medication (ASM), yet current guidelines require failure of two ASMs before surgery is considered. The authors present evidence of prolonged delays—often years to decades—from seizure onset to surgery, which can worsen outcomes and increase morbidity. They advocate for earlier surgical referral at seizure onset in well-defined type II FCD cases to reduce ASM exposure, prevent seizure-related complications, and improve neurocognitive and surgical outcomes. [Extracted from the article]
Copyright of Epilepsia (Series 4) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Availability: 0
Header DbId: pbh
DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
An: 192462272
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Rethinking drug resistance in focal cortical dysplasia‐related epilepsy.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cohen%2C+Nathan+T%2E%22">Cohen, Nathan T.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oluigbo%2C+Chima+O%2E%22">Oluigbo, Chima O.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perry%2C+M%2E+Scott%22">Perry, M. Scott</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gaillard%2C+William+D%2E%22">Gaillard, William D.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Epilepsia+%28Series+4%29%22">Epilepsia (Series 4)</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 67 Issue 3, p1519-1520. 2p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Focal+cortical+dysplasia%22">Focal cortical dysplasia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Treatment+delay+%28Medicine%29%22">Treatment delay (Medicine)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Epilepsy+surgery%22">Epilepsy surgery</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Treatment+effectiveness%22">Treatment effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anticonvulsants%22">Anticonvulsants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Epilepsy%22">Epilepsy</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The article focuses on the limitations of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) definition of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) as a barrier to timely epilepsy surgery in patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). It highlights that FCD, especially type II, is strongly associated with early-onset DRE, with most patients developing drug resistance after failure of just one antiseizure medication (ASM), yet current guidelines require failure of two ASMs before surgery is considered. The authors present evidence of prolonged delays—often years to decades—from seizure onset to surgery, which can worsen outcomes and increase morbidity. They advocate for earlier surgical referral at seizure onset in well-defined type II FCD cases to reduce ASM exposure, prevent seizure-related complications, and improve neurocognitive and surgical outcomes. [Extracted from the article]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Epilepsia (Series 4) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=192462272
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/epi.70105
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 2
        StartPage: 1519
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Focal cortical dysplasia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Treatment delay (Medicine)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Epilepsy surgery
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Treatment effectiveness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anticonvulsants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Epilepsy
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Rethinking drug resistance in focal cortical dysplasia‐related epilepsy.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Cohen, Nathan T.
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            NameFull: Oluigbo, Chima O.
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            NameFull: Perry, M. Scott
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            NameFull: Gaillard, William D.
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 67
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              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Epilepsia (Series 4)
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