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Validation of a revised nighttime fears scale-parent version (NFS-P) of children aged 3–8 Years in China.

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Title: Validation of a revised nighttime fears scale-parent version (NFS-P) of children aged 3–8 Years in China.
Authors: Lin, Wenqi (AUTHOR), Zhang, Manlin (AUTHOR), Liu, Minmin (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychology, Health & Medicine. Apr2026, Vol. 31 Issue 4, p961-979. 19p.
Subjects: Fear, Cross-sectional method, Pearson correlation (Statistics), Statistical correlation, Cronbach's alpha, Research methodology evaluation, Research evaluation, Culture, Multiple regression analysis, Questionnaires, Parent attitudes, Anxiety, Chi-squared test, Mann Whitney U Test, Experimental design, Research methodology, Psychometrics, Research, Psychology of parents, Sociodemographic factors, Sleep quality, Data analysis software, Comparative studies, Factor analysis, Reliability (Personality trait), Nonparametric statistics, Children
Geographic Terms: China
Abstract: The Nighttime Fears Scale-Parent Version (NFS-P) was developed to assess nighttime fears of children. This study aimed to develop a Chinese version of the NFS-P, examine its psychometric properties and analyze demographic differences. Before the following surveys, we developed a draft of the Chinese version, intending to translate the questions into Chinese language that is culturally appropriate. The scale was completed by the parents of 579 children (ages 3–8, Mage = 5.58 years, SD = 1.46; 50.8% boys). The psychometric properties of the instrument were examined. The Preschool Anxiety Scale, Children's Sense of Security Scale, and Children's Sleep Quality Scale were used as the concurrent validity. The scale consists of 21 items and demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.922). Confirmatory factor analyses supported a four-factor structure of the NFS-P. Research has found that children's nighttime fears were significantly positively correlated with anxiety, and significantly negatively correlated with sense of security and sleep quality. Supplementary analysis with a number of demographic variables provided rich information about nighttime fear. These findings support the use of the Chinese NFS-P as a valuable tool for evaluating nighttime fears in children aged 3–8 years in China, and highlight the importance of considering factors such as age, gender, number of children, and urban-rural background when assessing and intervening in children's nighttime fears in clinical and educational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychology, Health & Medicine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Validation of a revised nighttime fears scale-parent version (NFS-P) of children aged 3–8 Years in China.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Wenqi%22">Lin, Wenqi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Manlin%22">Zhang, Manlin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Minmin%22">Liu, Minmin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychology%2C+Health+%26+Medicine%22">Psychology, Health & Medicine</searchLink>. Apr2026, Vol. 31 Issue 4, p961-979. 19p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22China%22">China</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The Nighttime Fears Scale-Parent Version (NFS-P) was developed to assess nighttime fears of children. This study aimed to develop a Chinese version of the NFS-P, examine its psychometric properties and analyze demographic differences. Before the following surveys, we developed a draft of the Chinese version, intending to translate the questions into Chinese language that is culturally appropriate. The scale was completed by the parents of 579 children (ages 3–8, Mage = 5.58 years, SD = 1.46; 50.8% boys). The psychometric properties of the instrument were examined. The Preschool Anxiety Scale, Children's Sense of Security Scale, and Children's Sleep Quality Scale were used as the concurrent validity. The scale consists of 21 items and demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.922). Confirmatory factor analyses supported a four-factor structure of the NFS-P. Research has found that children's nighttime fears were significantly positively correlated with anxiety, and significantly negatively correlated with sense of security and sleep quality. Supplementary analysis with a number of demographic variables provided rich information about nighttime fear. These findings support the use of the Chinese NFS-P as a valuable tool for evaluating nighttime fears in children aged 3–8 years in China, and highlight the importance of considering factors such as age, gender, number of children, and urban-rural background when assessing and intervening in children's nighttime fears in clinical and educational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychology, Health & Medicine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/13548506.2025.2536871
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 961
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Fear
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pearson correlation (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical correlation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cronbach's alpha
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Culture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multiple regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parent attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anxiety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology of parents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sociodemographic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sleep quality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Factor analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reliability (Personality trait)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nonparametric statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: China
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Validation of a revised nighttime fears scale-parent version (NFS-P) of children aged 3–8 Years in China.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Lin, Wenqi
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            NameFull: Zhang, Manlin
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            NameFull: Liu, Minmin
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            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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