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SWOT detects dispersive tsunami tied to a near-trench source in the 2025 Kamchatka earthquake.

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Title: SWOT detects dispersive tsunami tied to a near-trench source in the 2025 Kamchatka earthquake.
Authors: Sepúlveda, Ignacio (AUTHOR), Nilsson, Bjarke (AUTHOR), Yu, Yao (AUTHOR), Carvajal, Matías (AUTHOR), Brandin, Matthew (AUTHOR), Gabriel, Alice-Agnes (AUTHOR), Sandwell, David (AUTHOR)
Source: Science. 3/26/2026, Vol. 391 Issue 6792, p1368-1372. 5p.
Subjects: Tsunamis, Artificial satellites, Geodesy, United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration, Ocean surface topography, Earthquakes, Subduction zones
Geographic Terms: Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia)
Abstract: Tsunamis from large subduction earthquakes pose severe coastal hazards, yet their genesis near the trench remains poorly constrained by land-based seismic geodetic data and distant deep-water sensors. Following the 29 July 2025 magnitude 8.8 Kamchatka earthquake, the NASA/CNES Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite captured a distinct train of short-wavelength tsunami waves, which we link to near-trench tsunamigenesis. Sensitivity analyses of earthquake slip indicated tsunamigenesis within 10 kilometers of the trench, an inference not attainable from land seismology and geodesy or sparse deep-water seafloor pressure records alone. These results provide the first high-resolution, two-dimensional spaceborne observation directly linking the measured dispersive tsunami wavefield to near-trench tsunamigenesis, extending earlier model- and gauge-based inferences. They establish SWOT as a constraint on source processes, with implications for tsunami hazard science and subduction-zone geodynamics. Editor's summary: On 29 July 2025, the Kamchatka moment magnitude 8.8 earthquake triggered a Pacific-wide tsunami that happened to be imaged during a flyover of the NASA/CNES Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission. Sepúlveda et al. used the centimeter-scale SWOT data to analyze the tsunami's trailing waves, which had the dispersion and short wavelengths typical of shallow subduction-zone earthquakes. Together with land-deformation data and seafloor pressure sensors, the SWOT data allowed a high-resolution estimate of the depth of slip during the Kamchatka event. This application shows how SWOT can integrate with other sensing methods to understand tsunami-prone earthquakes. —Angela Hessler [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: SWOT detects dispersive tsunami tied to a near-trench source in the 2025 Kamchatka earthquake.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sepúlveda%2C+Ignacio%22">Sepúlveda, Ignacio</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nilsson%2C+Bjarke%22">Nilsson, Bjarke</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Yao%22">Yu, Yao</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carvajal%2C+Matías%22">Carvajal, Matías</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brandin%2C+Matthew%22">Brandin, Matthew</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gabriel%2C+Alice-Agnes%22">Gabriel, Alice-Agnes</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sandwell%2C+David%22">Sandwell, David</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 3/26/2026, Vol. 391 Issue 6792, p1368-1372. 5p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kamchatka+Peninsula+%28Russia%29%22">Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Tsunamis from large subduction earthquakes pose severe coastal hazards, yet their genesis near the trench remains poorly constrained by land-based seismic geodetic data and distant deep-water sensors. Following the 29 July 2025 magnitude 8.8 Kamchatka earthquake, the NASA/CNES Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite captured a distinct train of short-wavelength tsunami waves, which we link to near-trench tsunamigenesis. Sensitivity analyses of earthquake slip indicated tsunamigenesis within 10 kilometers of the trench, an inference not attainable from land seismology and geodesy or sparse deep-water seafloor pressure records alone. These results provide the first high-resolution, two-dimensional spaceborne observation directly linking the measured dispersive tsunami wavefield to near-trench tsunamigenesis, extending earlier model- and gauge-based inferences. They establish SWOT as a constraint on source processes, with implications for tsunami hazard science and subduction-zone geodynamics. Editor's summary: On 29 July 2025, the Kamchatka moment magnitude 8.8 earthquake triggered a Pacific-wide tsunami that happened to be imaged during a flyover of the NASA/CNES Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission. Sepúlveda et al. used the centimeter-scale SWOT data to analyze the tsunami's trailing waves, which had the dispersion and short wavelengths typical of shallow subduction-zone earthquakes. Together with land-deformation data and seafloor pressure sensors, the SWOT data allowed a high-resolution estimate of the depth of slip during the Kamchatka event. This application shows how SWOT can integrate with other sensing methods to understand tsunami-prone earthquakes. —Angela Hessler [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 5
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      – SubjectFull: Artificial satellites
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      – SubjectFull: Subduction zones
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      – SubjectFull: Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia)
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              Text: 3/26/2026
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