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Changes in Trauma-based Intrusive Memory Characteristics Associated with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Depression: A Daily Diary Study.

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Title: Changes in Trauma-based Intrusive Memory Characteristics Associated with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Depression: A Daily Diary Study.
Authors: Badawi, Amalia (AUTHOR), Steel, Zachary (AUTHOR), Rogers, Kris (AUTHOR), Wijesinghe, Nalin (AUTHOR), Berle, David (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychiatric Quarterly. Mar2026, Vol. 97 Issue 1, p75-90. 16p.
Subjects: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Mental depression, Post-traumatic stress, Episodic memory, Psychiatric hospital care, Ecological momentary assessments (Clinical psychology), Mental health
Abstract: The present study investigated whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for depression reduced trauma-based intrusive memory frequency and associated pathological characteristics such as intensity and distress. Traumatic stress symptoms and general psychopathology outcomes were also investigated. Inpatients at a psychiatric hospital (N = 25) referred for 20-sessions of rTMS for depression completed daily ratings of trauma-related intrusive memory frequency and characteristics. Linear mixed models and repeated measures t-tests were used to analyze the course of change for intrusive memories. Effect sizes and reliable change were also analyzed. Non-linear decreases for intrusive memory frequency and associated characteristics were reported over the course of treatment, with the changes from Days 0 to 7 being sustained at Day 20. Large effect sizes were reported for measures of traumatic stress, and re-experiencing, depression, and stress symptoms. Reliable change was most commonly indicated for measures of traumatic stress and general mental health. Limitations of the study include the lack of a control group and small sample size. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to use a within-subject daily-sampling design to monitor intrusive memories, in an inpatient setting, within the context of rTMS treatment. Routine rTMS for depression appears beneficial for reducing trauma-based intrusive memories as well as PTSD symptoms more generally. The present study demonstrates clinical viability of extending routine rTMS protocols used for depression to trauma-based intrusive memories and associated symptomatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychiatric Quarterly is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Changes in Trauma-based Intrusive Memory Characteristics Associated with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Depression: A Daily Diary Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Badawi%2C+Amalia%22">Badawi, Amalia</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Steel%2C+Zachary%22">Steel, Zachary</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rogers%2C+Kris%22">Rogers, Kris</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wijesinghe%2C+Nalin%22">Wijesinghe, Nalin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Berle%2C+David%22">Berle, David</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychiatric+Quarterly%22">Psychiatric Quarterly</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 97 Issue 1, p75-90. 16p.
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  Data: The present study investigated whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for depression reduced trauma-based intrusive memory frequency and associated pathological characteristics such as intensity and distress. Traumatic stress symptoms and general psychopathology outcomes were also investigated. Inpatients at a psychiatric hospital (N = 25) referred for 20-sessions of rTMS for depression completed daily ratings of trauma-related intrusive memory frequency and characteristics. Linear mixed models and repeated measures t-tests were used to analyze the course of change for intrusive memories. Effect sizes and reliable change were also analyzed. Non-linear decreases for intrusive memory frequency and associated characteristics were reported over the course of treatment, with the changes from Days 0 to 7 being sustained at Day 20. Large effect sizes were reported for measures of traumatic stress, and re-experiencing, depression, and stress symptoms. Reliable change was most commonly indicated for measures of traumatic stress and general mental health. Limitations of the study include the lack of a control group and small sample size. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to use a within-subject daily-sampling design to monitor intrusive memories, in an inpatient setting, within the context of rTMS treatment. Routine rTMS for depression appears beneficial for reducing trauma-based intrusive memories as well as PTSD symptoms more generally. The present study demonstrates clinical viability of extending routine rTMS protocols used for depression to trauma-based intrusive memories and associated symptomatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychiatric Quarterly is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Mar2026
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