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Bayesian Mixed Models Approach to Exploring Resilience: Impact of Stress on Subjective Health and Affects Over Time During the COVID‐19 Pandemic.

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Title: Bayesian Mixed Models Approach to Exploring Resilience: Impact of Stress on Subjective Health and Affects Over Time During the COVID‐19 Pandemic.
Authors: Schepers, Markus (AUTHOR), Schmidtmann, Irene (AUTHOR), Schäfer, Sarah K. (AUTHOR), Yilmaz, Simge (AUTHOR), Baumkötter, Rieke (AUTHOR), Hartmann, Alica (AUTHOR), Petersen, Julia (AUTHOR), Hettich‐Damm, Nora (AUTHOR), Wild, Philipp (AUTHOR), Zahn, Daniela (AUTHOR), Wollschläger, Daniel (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. Mar2026, Vol. 35 Issue 1, p1-9. 9p.
Subjects: COVID-19 pandemic, Psychological resilience, Affect (Psychology), Social defeat, Longitudinal method, Subjective well-being (Psychology), Hierarchical Bayes model, Subjective stress
Abstract: Background: Profound stressors such as the COVID‐19 pandemic have highlighted the importance of understanding resilience mechanisms and approaches for quantifying them in longitudinal studies. Methods: We used Bayesian mixed models to analyze resilience dynamics with ordinal dependent variables: subjective physical and mental health, and fear, sadness, and anger. The models included fixed effects for individual stressors and random intercepts for participants, applied to the Gutenberg‐COVID‐19 cohort study. Results: There were 206,912 responses from 7386 participants (mean age 55.09 years, 51.52% women) over one year (Oct 29, 2020 ‐ Oct 25, 2021). Social stressors, such as loss of social contacts, had stronger negative associations with health and negative affects than work‐related stress. Subjective health and emotions declined during lockdowns but quickly recovered afterward. Conclusion: Our longitudinal study design and mixed‐model analysis highlight the role of social stress and encourage further research into protective factors like social support and positive reappraisal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Bayesian Mixed Models Approach to Exploring Resilience: Impact of Stress on Subjective Health and Affects Over Time During the COVID‐19 Pandemic.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schepers%2C+Markus%22">Schepers, Markus</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schmidtmann%2C+Irene%22">Schmidtmann, Irene</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schäfer%2C+Sarah+K%2E%22">Schäfer, Sarah K.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yilmaz%2C+Simge%22">Yilmaz, Simge</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baumkötter%2C+Rieke%22">Baumkötter, Rieke</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hartmann%2C+Alica%22">Hartmann, Alica</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Petersen%2C+Julia%22">Petersen, Julia</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hettich‐Damm%2C+Nora%22">Hettich‐Damm, Nora</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wild%2C+Philipp%22">Wild, Philipp</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zahn%2C+Daniela%22">Zahn, Daniela</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wollschläger%2C+Daniel%22">Wollschläger, Daniel</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Methods+in+Psychiatric+Research%22">International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research</searchLink>. Mar2026, Vol. 35 Issue 1, p1-9. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19+pandemic%22">COVID-19 pandemic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+resilience%22">Psychological resilience</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Affect+%28Psychology%29%22">Affect (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+defeat%22">Social defeat</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Subjective+well-being+%28Psychology%29%22">Subjective well-being (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hierarchical+Bayes+model%22">Hierarchical Bayes model</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Subjective+stress%22">Subjective stress</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Profound stressors such as the COVID‐19 pandemic have highlighted the importance of understanding resilience mechanisms and approaches for quantifying them in longitudinal studies. Methods: We used Bayesian mixed models to analyze resilience dynamics with ordinal dependent variables: subjective physical and mental health, and fear, sadness, and anger. The models included fixed effects for individual stressors and random intercepts for participants, applied to the Gutenberg‐COVID‐19 cohort study. Results: There were 206,912 responses from 7386 participants (mean age 55.09 years, 51.52% women) over one year (Oct 29, 2020 ‐ Oct 25, 2021). Social stressors, such as loss of social contacts, had stronger negative associations with health and negative affects than work‐related stress. Subjective health and emotions declined during lockdowns but quickly recovered afterward. Conclusion: Our longitudinal study design and mixed‐model analysis highlight the role of social stress and encourage further research into protective factors like social support and positive reappraisal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – SubjectFull: Psychological resilience
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      – SubjectFull: Affect (Psychology)
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              Text: Mar2026
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