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Exploring the Associations Between Affective and Non‐Affective Cognitive Domains in Mood Disorders and Healthy Controls Using Network Analysis.

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Title: Exploring the Associations Between Affective and Non‐Affective Cognitive Domains in Mood Disorders and Healthy Controls Using Network Analysis.
Authors: Kjærstad, Hanne Lie (AUTHOR), Iversen, Astrid Endrup (AUTHOR), Vinberg, Maj (AUTHOR), Kessing, Lars Vedel (AUTHOR), Zarp, Jeff (AUTHOR), Miskowiak, Kamilla Woznica (AUTHOR)
Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. May2026, Vol. 153 Issue 5, p534-543. 10p.
Subjects: Executive function, Emotion regulation, Emotion recognition, Affective disorders, Short-term memory, Control (Psychology), Graphical modeling (Statistics), Cognition disorders
Abstract: Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a core feature of mood disorders that contributes to reduced functioning and poorer prognosis, thereby emerging as an important treatment target. Persistent trait‐related impairments present within both affective and non‐affective cognition. Nevertheless, the relationship between affective and non‐affective cognitive domains remains unclear, including whether impairments in emotion regulation and facial expression recognition are secondary to deficits in non‐affective cognition. Mapping out the hierarchical structure of affective and non‐affective cognitive domains may elucidate core cognitive impairments that represent the most relevant treatment targets. Methods: Network analysis was employed to explore the associations between affective and non‐affective cognitive domains in individuals with mood disorders (N = 380) and healthy controls (HC; N = 225) pooled from two previous studies. Partial correlation networks were constructed separately for individuals with mood disorders and HC comprising measures of non‐affective cognition (working memory and executive function, attention and processing speed, verbal learning, and verbal memory) and affective cognition (emotion regulation success, facial expression recognition speed and accuracy). Results: For both mood disorders and HC, 'working memory and executive function' and 'attention and processing speed' emerged as central cognitive domains. Emotion regulation showed a significantly weaker association with 'working memory and executive function' in mood disorders relative to HC. Additionally, facial expression recognition speed was associated with 'attention and processing speed' across both groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that working memory, executive function, attention, and processing speed are core cognitive domains in mood disorders. Further, the weak association between executive function and emotion regulation in mood disorders may indicate a reduced reliance on cognitive control processes during emotion regulation. These findings underscore the importance of targeting both affective and non‐affective cognition in pro‐cognitive interventions to improve emotion regulation and potentially mitigate the risk of mood episodes. Key Points: Working memory, executive function, attention, and processing speed emerged as central cognitive domains in mood disorders and healthy controls.Emotion regulation was weakly linked with working memory and executive function in mood disorders, suggesting that emotion regulation strategies may rely less on cognitive control mechanisms in individuals with mood disorders.Facial expression recognition speed was associated with attention and processing speed across mood disorders and healthy controls. Limitations: Cognitive test scores were grouped into composite measures to accommodate for differences in the neurocognitive tests used in the included studies.Limited measures of affective cognition.Most individuals with mood disorders were prescribed psychotropic medication, which could influence cognition.The cross‐sectional design of the study hampers causal inferences regarding the directionality of influence between domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Exploring the Associations Between Affective and Non‐Affective Cognitive Domains in Mood Disorders and Healthy Controls Using Network Analysis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kjærstad%2C+Hanne+Lie%22">Kjærstad, Hanne Lie</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Iversen%2C+Astrid+Endrup%22">Iversen, Astrid Endrup</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vinberg%2C+Maj%22">Vinberg, Maj</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kessing%2C+Lars+Vedel%22">Kessing, Lars Vedel</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zarp%2C+Jeff%22">Zarp, Jeff</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Miskowiak%2C+Kamilla+Woznica%22">Miskowiak, Kamilla Woznica</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Acta+Psychiatrica+Scandinavica%22">Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 153 Issue 5, p534-543. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+function%22">Executive function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotion+regulation%22">Emotion regulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotion+recognition%22">Emotion recognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Affective+disorders%22">Affective disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Short-term+memory%22">Short-term memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Control+%28Psychology%29%22">Control (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graphical+modeling+%28Statistics%29%22">Graphical modeling (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition+disorders%22">Cognition disorders</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a core feature of mood disorders that contributes to reduced functioning and poorer prognosis, thereby emerging as an important treatment target. Persistent trait‐related impairments present within both affective and non‐affective cognition. Nevertheless, the relationship between affective and non‐affective cognitive domains remains unclear, including whether impairments in emotion regulation and facial expression recognition are secondary to deficits in non‐affective cognition. Mapping out the hierarchical structure of affective and non‐affective cognitive domains may elucidate core cognitive impairments that represent the most relevant treatment targets. Methods: Network analysis was employed to explore the associations between affective and non‐affective cognitive domains in individuals with mood disorders (N = 380) and healthy controls (HC; N = 225) pooled from two previous studies. Partial correlation networks were constructed separately for individuals with mood disorders and HC comprising measures of non‐affective cognition (working memory and executive function, attention and processing speed, verbal learning, and verbal memory) and affective cognition (emotion regulation success, facial expression recognition speed and accuracy). Results: For both mood disorders and HC, 'working memory and executive function' and 'attention and processing speed' emerged as central cognitive domains. Emotion regulation showed a significantly weaker association with 'working memory and executive function' in mood disorders relative to HC. Additionally, facial expression recognition speed was associated with 'attention and processing speed' across both groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that working memory, executive function, attention, and processing speed are core cognitive domains in mood disorders. Further, the weak association between executive function and emotion regulation in mood disorders may indicate a reduced reliance on cognitive control processes during emotion regulation. These findings underscore the importance of targeting both affective and non‐affective cognition in pro‐cognitive interventions to improve emotion regulation and potentially mitigate the risk of mood episodes. Key Points: Working memory, executive function, attention, and processing speed emerged as central cognitive domains in mood disorders and healthy controls.Emotion regulation was weakly linked with working memory and executive function in mood disorders, suggesting that emotion regulation strategies may rely less on cognitive control mechanisms in individuals with mood disorders.Facial expression recognition speed was associated with attention and processing speed across mood disorders and healthy controls. Limitations: Cognitive test scores were grouped into composite measures to accommodate for differences in the neurocognitive tests used in the included studies.Limited measures of affective cognition.Most individuals with mood disorders were prescribed psychotropic medication, which could influence cognition.The cross‐sectional design of the study hampers causal inferences regarding the directionality of influence between domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/acps.70084
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 534
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      – SubjectFull: Executive function
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotion regulation
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      – SubjectFull: Emotion recognition
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      – SubjectFull: Affective disorders
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      – SubjectFull: Graphical modeling (Statistics)
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      – SubjectFull: Cognition disorders
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              Text: May2026
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              Y: 2026
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