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Scoping review on natural language processing applications in counselling and psychotherapy.

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Title: Scoping review on natural language processing applications in counselling and psychotherapy.
Authors: Laricheva, Maria (AUTHOR), Liu, Yan (AUTHOR), Shi, Edward (AUTHOR), Wu, Amery (AUTHOR)
Source: British Journal of Psychology. May2026, Vol. 117 Issue 2, p677-701. 25p.
Subjects: Psychotherapy, Effect sizes (Statistics), T-test (Statistics), Cluster analysis (Statistics), Questionnaires, Kruskal-Wallis Test, Logistic regression analysis, Natural language processing, Classification of mental disorders, Mann Whitney U Test, Structural equation modeling, Chi-squared test, Descriptive statistics, Research bias, Systematic reviews, MEDLINE, Inferential statistics, Analysis of variance, Counseling, Psychological tests, Online information services, Data analysis software, Psychology information storage & retrieval systems, Regression analysis, Evaluation
Abstract: Recent years have witnessed some rapid and tremendous progress in natural language processing (NLP) techniques that are used to analyse text data. This study endeavours to offer an up‐to‐date review of NLP applications by examining their use in counselling and psychotherapy from 1990 to 2021. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify trends, advancements, challenges and limitations of these applications. Among the 41 papers included in this review, 4 primary study purposes were identified: (1) developing automated coding; (2) predicting outcomes; (3) monitoring counselling sessions; and (4) investigating language patterns. Our findings showed a growing trend in the number of papers utilizing advanced machine learning methods, particularly neural networks. Unfortunately, only a third of the articles addressed the issues of bias and generalizability. Our findings provided a timely systematic update, shedding light on concerns related to bias, generalizability and validity in the context of NLP applications in counselling and psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of British Journal of Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Scoping review on natural language processing applications in counselling and psychotherapy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Laricheva%2C+Maria%22">Laricheva, Maria</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Yan%22">Liu, Yan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shi%2C+Edward%22">Shi, Edward</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Amery%22">Wu, Amery</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22British+Journal+of+Psychology%22">British Journal of Psychology</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 117 Issue 2, p677-701. 25p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychotherapy%22">Psychotherapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Effect+sizes+%28Statistics%29%22">Effect sizes (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cluster+analysis+%28Statistics%29%22">Cluster analysis (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kruskal-Wallis+Test%22">Kruskal-Wallis Test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logistic+regression+analysis%22">Logistic regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Natural+language+processing%22">Natural language processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Classification+of+mental+disorders%22">Classification of mental disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mann+Whitney+U+Test%22">Mann Whitney U Test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+equation+modeling%22">Structural equation modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chi-squared+test%22">Chi-squared test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+bias%22">Research bias</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Systematic+reviews%22">Systematic reviews</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MEDLINE%22">MEDLINE</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inferential+statistics%22">Inferential statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+variance%22">Analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Counseling%22">Counseling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+tests%22">Psychological tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Online+information+services%22">Online information services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+information+storage+%26+retrieval+systems%22">Psychology information storage & retrieval systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evaluation%22">Evaluation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Recent years have witnessed some rapid and tremendous progress in natural language processing (NLP) techniques that are used to analyse text data. This study endeavours to offer an up‐to‐date review of NLP applications by examining their use in counselling and psychotherapy from 1990 to 2021. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify trends, advancements, challenges and limitations of these applications. Among the 41 papers included in this review, 4 primary study purposes were identified: (1) developing automated coding; (2) predicting outcomes; (3) monitoring counselling sessions; and (4) investigating language patterns. Our findings showed a growing trend in the number of papers utilizing advanced machine learning methods, particularly neural networks. Unfortunately, only a third of the articles addressed the issues of bias and generalizability. Our findings provided a timely systematic update, shedding light on concerns related to bias, generalizability and validity in the context of NLP applications in counselling and psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of British Journal of Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/bjop.12721
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 25
        StartPage: 677
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Psychotherapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Effect sizes (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cluster analysis (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kruskal-Wallis Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Logistic regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Natural language processing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Classification of mental disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Structural equation modeling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research bias
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Systematic reviews
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: MEDLINE
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Inferential statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Counseling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Online information services
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology information storage & retrieval systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Evaluation
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Scoping review on natural language processing applications in counselling and psychotherapy.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Laricheva, Maria
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            NameFull: Liu, Yan
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            NameFull: Shi, Edward
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wu, Amery
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 00071269
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              Value: 117
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              Value: 2
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: British Journal of Psychology
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