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Economic Hardship; Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act Payments; and Self-Rated Health: A Longitudinal Analysis From the Health and Retirement Study, United States, 2020–2022.

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Title: Economic Hardship; Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act Payments; and Self-Rated Health: A Longitudinal Analysis From the Health and Retirement Study, United States, 2020–2022.
Authors: Swift, Samuel L., Horn, Brady P., Harding, Barbara N., Shendo, Macaiah, Collins, Tracie C., Zeki Al Hazzouri, Adina
Source: American Journal of Public Health. May2026, Vol. 116 Issue 5, p702-710. 9p.
Subjects: Government aid laws, Government policy laws, Poisson distribution, Health status indicators, Mental health, T-test (Statistics), Endowments, Research funding, Socioeconomic factors, Questionnaires, Descriptive statistics, Psychological well-being, Longitudinal method, Odds ratio, Financial stress, Government programs, Quality of life, Comparative studies, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, Sociodemographic factors, COVID-19 pandemic, Regression analysis, Poverty, Middle age, Old age
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: Objectives. To determine the longitudinal relationships between economic hardship in 2020 and self-rated health (SRH) in 2022, and whether monetary stimulus payments offset negative health consequences of economic hardship among older adults living in the United States. Methods. We used data from 7549 adults aged 50 years or older from all US states in the longitudinal Health and Retirement Study cohort. Using Poisson regression models, we evaluated the relationship between economic hardship in 2020 and "fair or poor" SRH in 2022, and whether receipt of stimulus payments modified this relationship, controlling for covariates. Results. In stratified analysis, among persons who did not receive a stimulus payment, economic hardship was associated with higher risk of "fair or poor" SRH (risk ratio [RR] = 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22, 1.85). Among persons who received a stimulus payment, the relationship between economic hardship and "fair or poor" SRH was nonsignificant (RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.96, 1.17). Conclusions. Receipt of a stimulus payment may have offset the negative consequences of economic hardship on SRH among persons aged 50 years and older. Public Health Implications. Monetary payments may be an effective health intervention for persons experiencing economic hardship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Economic Hardship; Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act Payments; and Self-Rated Health: A Longitudinal Analysis From the Health and Retirement Study, United States, 2020–2022.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
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  Data: Objectives. To determine the longitudinal relationships between economic hardship in 2020 and self-rated health (SRH) in 2022, and whether monetary stimulus payments offset negative health consequences of economic hardship among older adults living in the United States. Methods. We used data from 7549 adults aged 50 years or older from all US states in the longitudinal Health and Retirement Study cohort. Using Poisson regression models, we evaluated the relationship between economic hardship in 2020 and "fair or poor" SRH in 2022, and whether receipt of stimulus payments modified this relationship, controlling for covariates. Results. In stratified analysis, among persons who did not receive a stimulus payment, economic hardship was associated with higher risk of "fair or poor" SRH (risk ratio [RR] = 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22, 1.85). Among persons who received a stimulus payment, the relationship between economic hardship and "fair or poor" SRH was nonsignificant (RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.96, 1.17). Conclusions. Receipt of a stimulus payment may have offset the negative consequences of economic hardship on SRH among persons aged 50 years and older. Public Health Implications. Monetary payments may be an effective health intervention for persons experiencing economic hardship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.2105/AJPH.2025.308414
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 702
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Government aid laws
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Government policy laws
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Poisson distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health status indicators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Endowments
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological well-being
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Odds ratio
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Financial stress
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Government programs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Quality of life
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sociodemographic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COVID-19 pandemic
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Poverty
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      – SubjectFull: Middle age
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Old age
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Economic Hardship; Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act Payments; and Self-Rated Health: A Longitudinal Analysis From the Health and Retirement Study, United States, 2020–2022.
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            NameFull: Swift, Samuel L.
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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