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Determination of the Solar System contribution to the soft x-ray sky.

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Title: Determination of the Solar System contribution to the soft x-ray sky.
Authors: Dennerl, K. (AUTHOR), Ponti, G. (AUTHOR), Zheng, X. (AUTHOR), Freyberg, M. J. (AUTHOR), Friedrich, S. (AUTHOR), Müller, Th. (AUTHOR), Yeung, M. C. H. (AUTHOR)
Source: Science. 4/16/2026, Vol. 392 Issue 6795, p285-288. 4p.
Subjects: Heliosphere, X-ray astronomy, Solar cycle, X-ray telescopes, Interstellar medium, Sun, Plasma interactions
Abstract: Solar wind charged particles interact with diffuse gas within the heliosphere, producing soft x-rays. This solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) process produces foreground emission that complicates interpretation of x-ray observations. In this work, we analyze x-ray observations of the western Galactic hemisphere by the Extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) instrument on the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) spacecraft. These data avoid contamination by Earth's geocorona and are derived from four surveys of the full sky, including during the minimum of the Sun's activity cycle. We determine the SWCX contribution and subtract it from the survey, providing a less contaminated view of the diffuse soft x-ray sky. We also demonstrate that x-rays can be used to map the flow of interstellar matter through the Solar System. Editor's summary: Astronomical surveys in soft x-rays detect emission from objects outside the Solar System but also foreground emission from within the heliosphere caused by the solar wind and Earth's upper atmosphere. Disentangling these sources is challenging because the foreground varies with time, direction, and solar activity. Dennerl et al. used x-ray survey observations taken during a minimum of the Sun's activity cycle from a location far away from Earth. The researchers separated the heliospheric foreground from the background, allowing each to be studied separately. They also used triangulation to determine where in the heliosphere the x-rays are emitted. —Keith T. Smith [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Determination of the Solar System contribution to the soft x-ray sky.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dennerl%2C+K%2E%22">Dennerl, K.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ponti%2C+G%2E%22">Ponti, G.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zheng%2C+X%2E%22">Zheng, X.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Freyberg%2C+M%2E+J%2E%22">Freyberg, M. J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Friedrich%2C+S%2E%22">Friedrich, S.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Müller%2C+Th%2E%22">Müller, Th.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yeung%2C+M%2E+C%2E+H%2E%22">Yeung, M. C. H.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 4/16/2026, Vol. 392 Issue 6795, p285-288. 4p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heliosphere%22">Heliosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+astronomy%22">X-ray astronomy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+cycle%22">Solar cycle</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+telescopes%22">X-ray telescopes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interstellar+medium%22">Interstellar medium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sun%22">Sun</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plasma+interactions%22">Plasma interactions</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Solar wind charged particles interact with diffuse gas within the heliosphere, producing soft x-rays. This solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) process produces foreground emission that complicates interpretation of x-ray observations. In this work, we analyze x-ray observations of the western Galactic hemisphere by the Extended Roentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) instrument on the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) spacecraft. These data avoid contamination by Earth's geocorona and are derived from four surveys of the full sky, including during the minimum of the Sun's activity cycle. We determine the SWCX contribution and subtract it from the survey, providing a less contaminated view of the diffuse soft x-ray sky. We also demonstrate that x-rays can be used to map the flow of interstellar matter through the Solar System. Editor's summary: Astronomical surveys in soft x-rays detect emission from objects outside the Solar System but also foreground emission from within the heliosphere caused by the solar wind and Earth's upper atmosphere. Disentangling these sources is challenging because the foreground varies with time, direction, and solar activity. Dennerl et al. used x-ray survey observations taken during a minimum of the Sun's activity cycle from a location far away from Earth. The researchers separated the heliospheric foreground from the background, allowing each to be studied separately. They also used triangulation to determine where in the heliosphere the x-rays are emitted. —Keith T. Smith [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1126/science.adt9147
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Solar cycle
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      – SubjectFull: X-ray telescopes
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      – SubjectFull: Plasma interactions
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      – TitleFull: Determination of the Solar System contribution to the soft x-ray sky.
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              Text: 4/16/2026
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              Y: 2026
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