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From DSM-IV to the future: three decades of evolution in psychiatric classification and what lies ahead.

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Title: From DSM-IV to the future: three decades of evolution in psychiatric classification and what lies ahead.
Authors: Torales, Julio (AUTHOR), Torres-Romero, Anthon Daniel (AUTHOR), Ventriglio, Antonio (AUTHOR), Castaldelli-Maia, João Mauricio (AUTHOR), Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomás (AUTHOR), Hualparuca-Olivera, Luis (AUTHOR), Barrios, Iván (AUTHOR), O'Higgins, Marcelo (AUTHOR)
Source: International Review of Psychiatry. Feb-May2026, Vol. 38 Issue 1-3, p27-36. 10p.
Subjects: Policy sciences, Psychiatry, Compulsive behavior, Mental illness, Artificial intelligence, Cultural competence, Classification of mental disorders, Diagnostic errors, Neurobiology, Individualized medicine, Anxiety disorders, Nosology, Biomarkers, Forecasting, Comorbidity
Abstract: Psychiatric classification systems have evolved significantly over the past three decades. This article critically examines the transition from DSM-IV and ICD-10 to the more recent DSM-5-TR and ICD-11, analysing key conceptual shifts, including the redefinition of diagnostic criteria, the inclusion of emerging disorders, and the removal of outdated or stigmatizing categories. Particular attention is paid to the growing limitations of categorical models in capturing clinical heterogeneity and comorbidity. In response, dimensional approaches and precision psychiatry have gained prominence, aiming to integrate symptom severity, biomarkers, and neurobiological correlates into diagnostic decision-making. The manuscript explores future trajectories for psychiatric nosology, including the potential role of artificial intelligence, the recognition of novel syndromes such as eco-anxiety and digital addictions, and the need for culturally sensitive frameworks. It also provides stakeholder-specific recommendations—addressed to clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and educators—summarized in a dedicated table. These forward-looking strategies emphasize the importance of ethical, interdisciplinary, and inclusive practices in updating diagnostic systems. Ultimately, the future of psychiatric classification lies in striking a balance between scientific rigor, sociocultural relevance, and individual variability, ensuring that future manuals serve both clinical utility and human dignity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Review of Psychiatry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: From DSM-IV to the future: three decades of evolution in psychiatric classification and what lies ahead.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Torales%2C+Julio%22">Torales, Julio</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Torres-Romero%2C+Anthon+Daniel%22">Torres-Romero, Anthon Daniel</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ventriglio%2C+Antonio%22">Ventriglio, Antonio</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Castaldelli-Maia%2C+João+Mauricio%22">Castaldelli-Maia, João Mauricio</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Caycho-Rodríguez%2C+Tomás%22">Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomás</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hualparuca-Olivera%2C+Luis%22">Hualparuca-Olivera, Luis</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barrios%2C+Iván%22">Barrios, Iván</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22O'Higgins%2C+Marcelo%22">O'Higgins, Marcelo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Review+of+Psychiatry%22">International Review of Psychiatry</searchLink>. Feb-May2026, Vol. 38 Issue 1-3, p27-36. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Policy+sciences%22">Policy sciences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychiatry%22">Psychiatry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compulsive+behavior%22">Compulsive behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+illness%22">Mental illness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+intelligence%22">Artificial intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cultural+competence%22">Cultural competence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Classification+of+mental+disorders%22">Classification of mental disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diagnostic+errors%22">Diagnostic errors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurobiology%22">Neurobiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Individualized+medicine%22">Individualized medicine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety+disorders%22">Anxiety disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nosology%22">Nosology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomarkers%22">Biomarkers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forecasting%22">Forecasting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comorbidity%22">Comorbidity</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Psychiatric classification systems have evolved significantly over the past three decades. This article critically examines the transition from DSM-IV and ICD-10 to the more recent DSM-5-TR and ICD-11, analysing key conceptual shifts, including the redefinition of diagnostic criteria, the inclusion of emerging disorders, and the removal of outdated or stigmatizing categories. Particular attention is paid to the growing limitations of categorical models in capturing clinical heterogeneity and comorbidity. In response, dimensional approaches and precision psychiatry have gained prominence, aiming to integrate symptom severity, biomarkers, and neurobiological correlates into diagnostic decision-making. The manuscript explores future trajectories for psychiatric nosology, including the potential role of artificial intelligence, the recognition of novel syndromes such as eco-anxiety and digital addictions, and the need for culturally sensitive frameworks. It also provides stakeholder-specific recommendations—addressed to clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and educators—summarized in a dedicated table. These forward-looking strategies emphasize the importance of ethical, interdisciplinary, and inclusive practices in updating diagnostic systems. Ultimately, the future of psychiatric classification lies in striking a balance between scientific rigor, sociocultural relevance, and individual variability, ensuring that future manuals serve both clinical utility and human dignity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Review of Psychiatry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=193318388
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/09540261.2025.2523455
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 27
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Policy sciences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychiatry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Compulsive behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental illness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Artificial intelligence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cultural competence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Classification of mental disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diagnostic errors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Neurobiology
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      – SubjectFull: Individualized medicine
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      – SubjectFull: Anxiety disorders
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      – SubjectFull: Biomarkers
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      – SubjectFull: Forecasting
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      – SubjectFull: Comorbidity
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: From DSM-IV to the future: three decades of evolution in psychiatric classification and what lies ahead.
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              Text: Feb-May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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