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Educational gaps in 2SLGBTQIA+ healthcare: A mixed-methods survey of medical students in Eastern Canada.

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Title: Educational gaps in 2SLGBTQIA+ healthcare: A mixed-methods survey of medical students in Eastern Canada.
Authors: Bouhamdani, Dominique (AUTHOR), Stadler, Josiane (AUTHOR), Léger, Cynthia (AUTHOR), Doucet, Caroline (AUTHOR), Savoie, Jonathan (AUTHOR), Doiron, Thomas (AUTHOR), Johnson, Claire (AUTHOR), Bouhamdani2, Nadia (AUTHOR)
Source: Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality. Apr2026, Vol. 35 Issue 1, p120-129. 10p.
Subjects: Educational standards, School environment, Job qualifications, Health services accessibility, Medical education, Data analysis, LGBTQ+ people, Cultural competence, Medical care, Health occupations students, Kruskal-Wallis Test, Questionnaires, Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, Thematic analysis, Curriculum planning, Nursing practice, Clinical competence, Research methodology, One-way analysis of variance, Statistics, Psychology of medical students, Student attitudes, Comparative studies, Factor analysis, Data analysis software, Sexual minorities, Health equity, Self-perception
Geographic Terms: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick
Abstract: Sexual and gender minority populations—including Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual, and others (2SLGBTQIA+)—experience poorer health outcomes and reduced access to equitable care. These inequities are partly linked to inadequate training, as Canadian medical curricula lack standardized 2SLGBTQIA+ competencies. While reforms have been called for, integration remains inconsistent, and little is known about education in Eastern Canada. This study assessed medical students' perceived (a) attitudinal awareness/comfort, (b) knowledge, and (c) preparedness for practice. A mixed-methods survey was conducted with first- through fourth-year medical students in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The instrument included 29 items, two questions on the learning environment, and two open-ended items on curriculum improvement. Attitudinal awareness/comfort (M = 80.1, SD = 16.8) and knowledge (M = 77.7, SD = 30.2) scores were high, but preparedness was low (M = 47.3, SD = 27.0). Comfort was significantly reduced with trans and Two-Spirit patients during oral history taking, χ2(1, N = 59) = 23.1, p <.001; physical examinations, χ2(1, N = 59) = 49.2, p <.001; and genitourinary exams, χ2(1, N = 59) = 63.4, p <.001 when compared to other (non-2SLGBTQIA+) patients. Only 10% felt adequately trained to care for Two-Spirit patients. Students also reported discriminatory comments from residents (44%) and physicians (54%). This first evaluation of 2SLGBTQIA+ curricula in Eastern Canada (New Brunswick and Nova Scotia), and the first to include Two-Spirit peoples, highlights persistent gaps in preparedness and underscores the urgent need for standardized, longitudinal training to improve health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Educational gaps in 2SLGBTQIA+ healthcare: A mixed-methods survey of medical students in Eastern Canada.
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  Data: Sexual and gender minority populations—including Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual, and others (2SLGBTQIA+)—experience poorer health outcomes and reduced access to equitable care. These inequities are partly linked to inadequate training, as Canadian medical curricula lack standardized 2SLGBTQIA+ competencies. While reforms have been called for, integration remains inconsistent, and little is known about education in Eastern Canada. This study assessed medical students&#39; perceived (a) attitudinal awareness/comfort, (b) knowledge, and (c) preparedness for practice. A mixed-methods survey was conducted with first- through fourth-year medical students in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The instrument included 29 items, two questions on the learning environment, and two open-ended items on curriculum improvement. Attitudinal awareness/comfort (M = 80.1, SD = 16.8) and knowledge (M = 77.7, SD = 30.2) scores were high, but preparedness was low (M = 47.3, SD = 27.0). Comfort was significantly reduced with trans and Two-Spirit patients during oral history taking, χ2(1, N = 59) = 23.1, p &lt;.001; physical examinations, χ2(1, N = 59) = 49.2, p &lt;.001; and genitourinary exams, χ2(1, N = 59) = 63.4, p &lt;.001 when compared to other (non-2SLGBTQIA+) patients. Only 10% felt adequately trained to care for Two-Spirit patients. Students also reported discriminatory comments from residents (44%) and physicians (54%). This first evaluation of 2SLGBTQIA+ curricula in Eastern Canada (New Brunswick and Nova Scotia), and the first to include Two-Spirit peoples, highlights persistent gaps in preparedness and underscores the urgent need for standardized, longitudinal training to improve health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=193401748
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3138/cjhs-2025-0057
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 120
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Educational standards
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School environment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Job qualifications
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health services accessibility
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: LGBTQ+ people
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cultural competence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical care
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health occupations students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kruskal-Wallis Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thematic analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Curriculum planning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nursing practice
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Clinical competence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: One-way analysis of variance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology of medical students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Factor analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sexual minorities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health equity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self-perception
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nova Scotia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: New Brunswick
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Educational gaps in 2SLGBTQIA+ healthcare: A mixed-methods survey of medical students in Eastern Canada.
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            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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