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The Impact of Self‐Checkout Technology on Shopping Behavior in B2B Retail: Evidence From Point‐Of‐Sale Transaction Data.

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Title: The Impact of Self‐Checkout Technology on Shopping Behavior in B2B Retail: Evidence From Point‐Of‐Sale Transaction Data.
Authors: Špička, Jindřich (AUTHOR), Dvořáková, Michaela (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Consumer Behaviour. May2026, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p1139-1168. 30p.
Subjects: Self-checkouts, Propensity score matching, Transaction cost theory of the firm, Transaction records, Shopping, Business to business electronic commerce, Service industries, Causal inference
Abstract: This study examines the impact of self‐checkout technology implementation on B2B customer shopping behavior using a novel methodological approach that combines propensity score matching with difference‐in‐differences analysis on actual point‐of‐sale transaction data. Drawing on transaction cost economics and service marketing research, we developed four hypotheses to examine how self‐checkout adoption influences purchase quantity, shopping frequency, average price per item, and total sales among B2B customers in a Czech retail chain. Our methodological contribution lies in employing actual transaction data rather than self‐reported measures, addressing a critical gap in retail technology research. The propensity score matching‐based difference‐in‐differences design enables causal inference, controlling for selection bias and unobserved heterogeneity. Data spanning January 2021 (pre‐implementation) and June–August 2021 (post‐implementation) encompass over 1500 matched customer pairs across multiple behavioral dimensions. Results reveal that implementing self‐checkout technology substantially increased shopping frequency and monthly sales per customer, with no significant impact on purchase quantities per transaction or average item prices. This asymmetric pattern provides empirical evidence for the disciplined nature of B2B purchasing behavior, in which organizational constraints limit technology's influence on transaction costs rather than purchasing decisions. We refer to this as a "frequency‐dominance effect," in which transaction cost reductions primarily manifest through increased visit frequency rather than through altered transaction composition. The study advances service marketing research by empirically demonstrating that technology‐mediated convenience improvements disproportionately affect visit behavior over purchasing decisions. Our methodological framework provides a replicable template for evaluating retail technology interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Consumer Behaviour is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: The Impact of Self‐Checkout Technology on Shopping Behavior in B2B Retail: Evidence From Point‐Of‐Sale Transaction Data.
– Name: Author
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Špička%2C+Jindřich%22">Špička, Jindřich</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dvořáková%2C+Michaela%22">Dvořáková, Michaela</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Consumer+Behaviour%22">Journal of Consumer Behaviour</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p1139-1168. 30p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-checkouts%22">Self-checkouts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Propensity+score+matching%22">Propensity score matching</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transaction+cost+theory+of+the+firm%22">Transaction cost theory of the firm</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transaction+records%22">Transaction records</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shopping%22">Shopping</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Business+to+business+electronic+commerce%22">Business to business electronic commerce</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Service+industries%22">Service industries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Causal+inference%22">Causal inference</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study examines the impact of self‐checkout technology implementation on B2B customer shopping behavior using a novel methodological approach that combines propensity score matching with difference‐in‐differences analysis on actual point‐of‐sale transaction data. Drawing on transaction cost economics and service marketing research, we developed four hypotheses to examine how self‐checkout adoption influences purchase quantity, shopping frequency, average price per item, and total sales among B2B customers in a Czech retail chain. Our methodological contribution lies in employing actual transaction data rather than self‐reported measures, addressing a critical gap in retail technology research. The propensity score matching‐based difference‐in‐differences design enables causal inference, controlling for selection bias and unobserved heterogeneity. Data spanning January 2021 (pre‐implementation) and June–August 2021 (post‐implementation) encompass over 1500 matched customer pairs across multiple behavioral dimensions. Results reveal that implementing self‐checkout technology substantially increased shopping frequency and monthly sales per customer, with no significant impact on purchase quantities per transaction or average item prices. This asymmetric pattern provides empirical evidence for the disciplined nature of B2B purchasing behavior, in which organizational constraints limit technology's influence on transaction costs rather than purchasing decisions. We refer to this as a "frequency‐dominance effect," in which transaction cost reductions primarily manifest through increased visit frequency rather than through altered transaction composition. The study advances service marketing research by empirically demonstrating that technology‐mediated convenience improvements disproportionately affect visit behavior over purchasing decisions. Our methodological framework provides a replicable template for evaluating retail technology interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Consumer Behaviour is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=193656320
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/cb.70121
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 30
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      – SubjectFull: Self-checkouts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Propensity score matching
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transaction cost theory of the firm
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transaction records
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Shopping
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Business to business electronic commerce
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Service industries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Causal inference
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Impact of Self‐Checkout Technology on Shopping Behavior in B2B Retail: Evidence From Point‐Of‐Sale Transaction Data.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Špička, Jindřich
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          Name:
            NameFull: Dvořáková, Michaela
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 25
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