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Age-Related Declines in Theory of Mind: Associations with Cognitive Complexity, Reasoning Abilities and Social Activity.

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Title: Age-Related Declines in Theory of Mind: Associations with Cognitive Complexity, Reasoning Abilities and Social Activity.
Authors: Iglesias-Pazo, Ledicia (AUTHOR), Pellicena, Miquel Àngel (AUTHOR), Valero-Garcia, Jesús (AUTHOR), Ivern Pascual, Ignasi (AUTHOR), Vila-Rovira, Josep Maria (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Adult Development. Jun2026, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p123-137. 15p.
Subjects: Task performance, Data analysis, Interviewing, Kruskal-Wallis Test, Questionnaires, Research evaluation, Age distribution, Descriptive statistics, Theory of mind, Aging, Research methodology, Inferential statistics, Statistics, Data analysis software, Cognition, Social participation, Regression analysis
Geographic Terms: Spain
Abstract: The theory of mind (ToM) is a construct of complex skills that contributes to a better understanding of social scenarios and interpersonal relationships. We performed a quasiexperimental design study with a healthy aging sample of 454 Spanish- and Catalan-speaking individuals ranging in age from 18 to 94 years. This study examined the changes in ToM abilities among older adults, considering the cognitive complexity of the ToM tasks used. It also sought to identify potential factors that might influence differences in ToM performance. The results showed significant changes in the scores of the older adults compared with those of the younger adults in all domains, especially in tasks with higher levels of complexity. Similarly, the results were lower within the older adults' group, yet no significant differences have been found. The results indicate that the variable that most influences ToM skills is social activity, followed by verbal reasoning. Our research underscores the significant connection between social engagement and verbal reasoning in interpreting real-life situations and how this connection is related to a lower ability in ToM skills in late adulthood, specifically in highly complex ToM tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Adult Development is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Age-Related Declines in Theory of Mind: Associations with Cognitive Complexity, Reasoning Abilities and Social Activity.
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  Data: The theory of mind (ToM) is a construct of complex skills that contributes to a better understanding of social scenarios and interpersonal relationships. We performed a quasiexperimental design study with a healthy aging sample of 454 Spanish- and Catalan-speaking individuals ranging in age from 18 to 94 years. This study examined the changes in ToM abilities among older adults, considering the cognitive complexity of the ToM tasks used. It also sought to identify potential factors that might influence differences in ToM performance. The results showed significant changes in the scores of the older adults compared with those of the younger adults in all domains, especially in tasks with higher levels of complexity. Similarly, the results were lower within the older adults' group, yet no significant differences have been found. The results indicate that the variable that most influences ToM skills is social activity, followed by verbal reasoning. Our research underscores the significant connection between social engagement and verbal reasoning in interpreting real-life situations and how this connection is related to a lower ability in ToM skills in late adulthood, specifically in highly complex ToM tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Adult Development is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=193807167
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        Value: 10.1007/s10804-025-09526-w
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 123
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Task performance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kruskal-Wallis Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
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      – SubjectFull: Research evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Age distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Theory of mind
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      – SubjectFull: Aging
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      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
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      – SubjectFull: Inferential statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Spain
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      – TitleFull: Age-Related Declines in Theory of Mind: Associations with Cognitive Complexity, Reasoning Abilities and Social Activity.
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              Text: Jun2026
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