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Comparison Effects of Anodal Versus Cathodal Trans‐Cranial Direct Current Stimulation Over Primary Motor Cortex on Lower Limb Muscles' Spasticity: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study.

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Title: Comparison Effects of Anodal Versus Cathodal Trans‐Cranial Direct Current Stimulation Over Primary Motor Cortex on Lower Limb Muscles' Spasticity: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study.
Authors: Bazghandi, Razieh (AUTHOR), Delkhosh, Cyrus Taghizadeh (AUTHOR), Mahmoodi, Salimeh (AUTHOR), Kermani, Mohammad (AUTHOR), Jaberzadeh, Shapour (AUTHOR), Mortezanejad, Marzieh (AUTHOR), Ehsani, Fatemeh (AUTHOR)
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience. May2026, Vol. 63 Issue 9, p1-14. 14p.
Subjects: Transcranial direct current stimulation, Motor cortex, Physical therapy, Stroke rehabilitation, Leg muscles, Spasticity
Abstract: Spasticity often results from maladaptive neuroplastic changes in both the affected and nonaffected primary motor cortex (M1) that are accompanied by downstream effects on descending motor pathways. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a‐tDCS) over the affected M1 and cathodal tDCS (c‐tDCS) over the unaffected M1 in patients with stroke. Thirty‐nine patients were divided into the following three groups with a block randomization method: (1) affected M1 a‐tDCS, (2) unaffected M1 c‐tDCS, and (3) sham tDCS. Additionally, all groups received routine physiotherapy (PT). Electromyographic activity of the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles during passive and active dorsiflexion/plantarflexion (DF/PF), as well as the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL), were assessed before, immediately, and 2 weeks after the interventions. The results indicated that TA activity during active DF increased immediately following the intervention in the affected M1 a‐tDCS group compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). LG activity during both active and passive DF decreased, MAS and WHOQOL scores increased immediately and 2 weeks after the intervention in the a‐tDCS group (p < 0.001). These findings highlight the immediate and short‐term efficacies of affected M1 a‐tDCS combined with PT in improving muscle spasticity and function, QOL in these patients. Trial Registration: IRCT20230104057044N1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Comparison Effects of Anodal Versus Cathodal Trans‐Cranial Direct Current Stimulation Over Primary Motor Cortex on Lower Limb Muscles&#39; Spasticity: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Bazghandi%2C+Razieh%22&quot;&gt;Bazghandi, Razieh&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Delkhosh%2C+Cyrus+Taghizadeh%22&quot;&gt;Delkhosh, Cyrus Taghizadeh&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Mahmoodi%2C+Salimeh%22&quot;&gt;Mahmoodi, Salimeh&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Kermani%2C+Mohammad%22&quot;&gt;Kermani, Mohammad&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Jaberzadeh%2C+Shapour%22&quot;&gt;Jaberzadeh, Shapour&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Mortezanejad%2C+Marzieh%22&quot;&gt;Mortezanejad, Marzieh&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ehsani%2C+Fatemeh%22&quot;&gt;Ehsani, Fatemeh&lt;/searchLink&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22European+Journal+of+Neuroscience%22&quot;&gt;European Journal of Neuroscience&lt;/searchLink&gt;. May2026, Vol. 63 Issue 9, p1-14. 14p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Transcranial+direct+current+stimulation%22&quot;&gt;Transcranial direct current stimulation&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Motor+cortex%22&quot;&gt;Motor cortex&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Physical+therapy%22&quot;&gt;Physical therapy&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Stroke+rehabilitation%22&quot;&gt;Stroke rehabilitation&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Leg+muscles%22&quot;&gt;Leg muscles&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Spasticity%22&quot;&gt;Spasticity&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Spasticity often results from maladaptive neuroplastic changes in both the affected and nonaffected primary motor cortex (M1) that are accompanied by downstream effects on descending motor pathways. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a‐tDCS) over the affected M1 and cathodal tDCS (c‐tDCS) over the unaffected M1 in patients with stroke. Thirty‐nine patients were divided into the following three groups with a block randomization method: (1) affected M1 a‐tDCS, (2) unaffected M1 c‐tDCS, and (3) sham tDCS. Additionally, all groups received routine physiotherapy (PT). Electromyographic activity of the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles during passive and active dorsiflexion/plantarflexion (DF/PF), as well as the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL), were assessed before, immediately, and 2 weeks after the interventions. The results indicated that TA activity during active DF increased immediately following the intervention in the affected M1 a‐tDCS group compared to the other groups (p &lt; 0.001). LG activity during both active and passive DF decreased, MAS and WHOQOL scores increased immediately and 2 weeks after the intervention in the a‐tDCS group (p &lt; 0.001). These findings highlight the immediate and short‐term efficacies of affected M1 a‐tDCS combined with PT in improving muscle spasticity and function, QOL in these patients. Trial Registration: IRCT20230104057044N1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of European Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/ejn.70499
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Transcranial direct current stimulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Motor cortex
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physical therapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stroke rehabilitation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Leg muscles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spasticity
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Comparison Effects of Anodal Versus Cathodal Trans‐Cranial Direct Current Stimulation Over Primary Motor Cortex on Lower Limb Muscles' Spasticity: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Bazghandi, Razieh
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            NameFull: Delkhosh, Cyrus Taghizadeh
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            NameFull: Mahmoodi, Salimeh
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            NameFull: Kermani, Mohammad
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            NameFull: Jaberzadeh, Shapour
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            NameFull: Mortezanejad, Marzieh
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            NameFull: Ehsani, Fatemeh
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            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 63
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              Value: 9
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: European Journal of Neuroscience
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