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Gender Differences: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the ADOS-II.

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Title: Gender Differences: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the ADOS-II.
Authors: Tien, Ingrid S. (AUTHOR), Kim, Junok (AUTHOR), Johnson, Amanda R. (AUTHOR), Wood, Jeffrey J. (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders. May2026, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p2072-2076. 5p.
Subjects: Diagnosis of autism, Secondary analysis, Sex distribution, Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test, Statistics, Psychometrics, Asperger's syndrome, Factor analysis, Confidence intervals, Data analysis software
Abstract: Purpose: Recent research has suggested that autism may present differently in girls compared to boys, encouraging the exploration of a sex-differential diagnostic criteria. Gender differences in diagnostic assessments have been shown on the ADOS-II, such that, on average, females score significantly lower than males on all scales and are less likely to show atypicality on most items related to social communicative difficulties. Yet, gender differences in the latent structure of instruments like the ADOS-II have not been examined systematically. Methods: As such, this secondary data analysis examined 4,100 youth diagnosed with autism (Mage= 9.9, 813 female & 3287 male) examined item response trends by gender on the ADOS-II Module 3. Results: Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis results show that the factor loadings of four ADOS-II items differ across the genders. One SCD item and one RRB item are strongly related to the latent factor in the female group, while two RRB items have larger factor loadings in the male group. Conclusion: The assumption of an identical latent factor structure for the ADOS-II Module 3 for males and females might not be justifiable. Possible diagnostic implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Gender Differences: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the ADOS-II.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tien%2C+Ingrid+S%2E%22">Tien, Ingrid S.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Junok%22">Kim, Junok</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Johnson%2C+Amanda+R%2E%22">Johnson, Amanda R.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wood%2C+Jeffrey+J%2E%22">Wood, Jeffrey J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Autism+%26+Developmental+Disorders%22">Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p2072-2076. 5p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diagnosis+of+autism%22">Diagnosis of autism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+analysis%22">Secondary analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+distribution%22">Sex distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chi-squared+test%22">Chi-squared test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Asperger's+syndrome%22">Asperger's syndrome</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+analysis%22">Factor analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink>
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  Data: Purpose: Recent research has suggested that autism may present differently in girls compared to boys, encouraging the exploration of a sex-differential diagnostic criteria. Gender differences in diagnostic assessments have been shown on the ADOS-II, such that, on average, females score significantly lower than males on all scales and are less likely to show atypicality on most items related to social communicative difficulties. Yet, gender differences in the latent structure of instruments like the ADOS-II have not been examined systematically. Methods: As such, this secondary data analysis examined 4,100 youth diagnosed with autism (Mage= 9.9, 813 female & 3287 male) examined item response trends by gender on the ADOS-II Module 3. Results: Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis results show that the factor loadings of four ADOS-II items differ across the genders. One SCD item and one RRB item are strongly related to the latent factor in the female group, while two RRB items have larger factor loadings in the male group. Conclusion: The assumption of an identical latent factor structure for the ADOS-II Module 3 for males and females might not be justifiable. Possible diagnostic implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: May2026
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