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Peer Problems and Prosocial Behavior Among Icelandic Children and Adolescents with ADHD and/or Autism: Gender and Age Differences.

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Title: Peer Problems and Prosocial Behavior Among Icelandic Children and Adolescents with ADHD and/or Autism: Gender and Age Differences.
Authors: Gudjonsdottir, Freydis J. (AUTHOR), Halldorsson, Freyr (AUTHOR), Ragnarsdottir, Betty (AUTHOR), Njardvik, Urdur (AUTHOR), Hannesdottir, Dagmar Kr. (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders. May2026, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p1808-1819. 12p.
Subjects: Cross-sectional method, Adolescent development, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Child psychopathology, Data analysis, Autism, Affinity groups, Sex distribution, Questionnaires, Socioeconomic factors, Age distribution, Parent attitudes, Psychological well-being, Descriptive statistics, Social skills, College teacher attitudes, Child development, One-way analysis of variance, Statistics, Asperger's syndrome
Geographic Terms: Iceland
Abstract: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders tend to have more social difficulties than typically developing children. The aim of the current study was to examine parent and teacher-reported effects of age and gender on social functioning in a large clinical sample of children and adolescents with ADHD, autism, or co-occurring ADHD and autism using a cross-sectional study design. This nationwide clinical sample included 2132 Icelandic children and adolescents (35% girls, 65% boys) aged 5–18 years referred for a neurodevelopmental diagnostic assessment (ADHD and/or autism) in Iceland. Social functioning was measured using the Prosocial behavior and Peer problem subscales on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) completed by parents and teachers. Results revealed that autistic youth and youth with co-occurring ADHD and autism experienced more peer problems and showed less prosocial behavior than youth with ADHD only. According to parents and teachers, girls were found to experience more social difficulties compared to boys. Interaction for age and gender, although only significant for teacher reports, indicated that younger girls with neurodevelopmental disorders experience more peer problems and show less prosocial behavior than older girls. In contrast, boys with neurodevelopmental disorders experience similar issues at all ages. The results suggest different patterns of social difficulties for boys and girls with neurodevelopmental disorders. Future research should examine different developmental pathways of social challenges for boys and girls. Implications for developing and providing clinical interventions appropriate developmental stages are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Peer Problems and Prosocial Behavior Among Icelandic Children and Adolescents with ADHD and/or Autism: Gender and Age Differences.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Autism+%26+Developmental+Disorders%22">Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p1808-1819. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Iceland%22">Iceland</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Children with neurodevelopmental disorders tend to have more social difficulties than typically developing children. The aim of the current study was to examine parent and teacher-reported effects of age and gender on social functioning in a large clinical sample of children and adolescents with ADHD, autism, or co-occurring ADHD and autism using a cross-sectional study design. This nationwide clinical sample included 2132 Icelandic children and adolescents (35% girls, 65% boys) aged 5–18 years referred for a neurodevelopmental diagnostic assessment (ADHD and/or autism) in Iceland. Social functioning was measured using the Prosocial behavior and Peer problem subscales on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) completed by parents and teachers. Results revealed that autistic youth and youth with co-occurring ADHD and autism experienced more peer problems and showed less prosocial behavior than youth with ADHD only. According to parents and teachers, girls were found to experience more social difficulties compared to boys. Interaction for age and gender, although only significant for teacher reports, indicated that younger girls with neurodevelopmental disorders experience more peer problems and show less prosocial behavior than older girls. In contrast, boys with neurodevelopmental disorders experience similar issues at all ages. The results suggest different patterns of social difficulties for boys and girls with neurodevelopmental disorders. Future research should examine different developmental pathways of social challenges for boys and girls. Implications for developing and providing clinical interventions appropriate developmental stages are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10803-024-06682-y
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 1808
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adolescent development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child psychopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Autism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Affinity groups
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Age distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parent attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological well-being
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Social skills
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      – SubjectFull: Child development
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      – SubjectFull: One-way analysis of variance
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      – SubjectFull: Statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Asperger's syndrome
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Iceland
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Peer Problems and Prosocial Behavior Among Icelandic Children and Adolescents with ADHD and/or Autism: Gender and Age Differences.
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              M: 05
              Text: May2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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