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Sex Differences in Spatiotemporal Consistency and Effective Connectivity of the Precuneus in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

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Title: Sex Differences in Spatiotemporal Consistency and Effective Connectivity of the Precuneus in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Authors: Gao, Le (AUTHOR), Zhang, Tengda (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yigeng (AUTHOR), Liu, Junfeng (AUTHOR), Guo, Xiaonan (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders. May2026, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p1952-1965. 14p.
Subjects: Brain physiology, Cross-sectional method, Functional connectivity, Research funding, Data analysis, T-test (Statistics), Sex distribution, Autism, Two-way analysis of variance, Prefrontal cortex, Multiple regression analysis, Default mode network, Magnetic resonance imaging, Descriptive statistics, Temporal lobe, Electronic data interchange, White matter (Nerve tissue), Statistics, Parietal lobe, Asperger's syndrome, Neuroradiology, Cerebrospinal fluid, Nonparametric statistics
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been reported to exhibit altered local functional consistency. However, previous studies mainly focused on male samples and explored the temporal consistency in the ASD brain ignoring the spatial consistency. In this study, FOur-dimensional Consistency of local neural Activities (FOCA) analysis was used to investigate the sex differences of local spatiotemporal consistency of spontaneous brain activity in ASD. This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database, including 64 males/64 females with ASD and 64 male/64 female neurotypical controls (NCs). Two-way analysis of variance was performed to ascertain diagnosis-by-sex interaction effects on whole brain FOCA maps. Moreover, granger causal analysis was used to investigate effective connectivity between the brain regions with interaction effects and the whole-brain in ASD. Significant diagnosis-by-sex interaction effects on FOCA were observed in the bilateral precuneus (PCUN), bilateral medial prefrontal cortex and right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. Specifically, FOCA was significantly increased in males with ASD but decreased in females with ASD in the PCUN compared with the sex-matched NC group. In addition, the lack of sex differences in the causal influences from the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex to the PCUN was observed in ASD. Our results reveal altered sex differences in the spatiotemporal consistency of spontaneous brain activity and functional interaction of the anterior and posterior default mode network (DMN) in ASD, highlighting the critical role of the DMN in the sex heterogeneity of ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Sex Differences in Spatiotemporal Consistency and Effective Connectivity of the Precuneus in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gao%2C+Le%22">Gao, Le</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Tengda%22">Zhang, Tengda</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Yigeng%22">Zhang, Yigeng</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Junfeng%22">Liu, Junfeng</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guo%2C+Xiaonan%22">Guo, Xiaonan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Autism+%26+Developmental+Disorders%22">Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p1952-1965. 14p.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been reported to exhibit altered local functional consistency. However, previous studies mainly focused on male samples and explored the temporal consistency in the ASD brain ignoring the spatial consistency. In this study, FOur-dimensional Consistency of local neural Activities (FOCA) analysis was used to investigate the sex differences of local spatiotemporal consistency of spontaneous brain activity in ASD. This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange database, including 64 males/64 females with ASD and 64 male/64 female neurotypical controls (NCs). Two-way analysis of variance was performed to ascertain diagnosis-by-sex interaction effects on whole brain FOCA maps. Moreover, granger causal analysis was used to investigate effective connectivity between the brain regions with interaction effects and the whole-brain in ASD. Significant diagnosis-by-sex interaction effects on FOCA were observed in the bilateral precuneus (PCUN), bilateral medial prefrontal cortex and right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus. Specifically, FOCA was significantly increased in males with ASD but decreased in females with ASD in the PCUN compared with the sex-matched NC group. In addition, the lack of sex differences in the causal influences from the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex to the PCUN was observed in ASD. Our results reveal altered sex differences in the spatiotemporal consistency of spontaneous brain activity and functional interaction of the anterior and posterior default mode network (DMN) in ASD, highlighting the critical role of the DMN in the sex heterogeneity of ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10803-024-06696-6
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 1952
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      – SubjectFull: Brain physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
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      – SubjectFull: Functional connectivity
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
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      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
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      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Autism
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      – SubjectFull: Two-way analysis of variance
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      – SubjectFull: Prefrontal cortex
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Cerebrospinal fluid
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      – SubjectFull: Nonparametric statistics
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      – TitleFull: Sex Differences in Spatiotemporal Consistency and Effective Connectivity of the Precuneus in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
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              M: 05
              Text: May2026
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