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Cloudy mornings and clear evenings on a gas giant exoplanet.

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Title: Cloudy mornings and clear evenings on a gas giant exoplanet.
Authors: Mukherjee, Sagnick (AUTHOR), Sing, David K. (AUTHOR), Fu, Guangwei (AUTHOR), Stevenson, Kevin B. (AUTHOR), Schmidt, Stephen P. (AUTHOR), Baskett, Harry (AUTHOR), Mak, Mei Ting (AUTHOR), McCreery, Patrick (AUTHOR), Allen, Natalie H. (AUTHOR), Bennett, Katherine A. (AUTHOR), Christie, Duncan A. (AUTHOR), Gascón, Carlos (AUTHOR), Goyal, Jayesh (AUTHOR), Hébrard, Éric (AUTHOR), Lothringer, Joshua D. (AUTHOR), López-Morales, Mercedes (AUTHOR), Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob (AUTHOR), May, Erin M. (AUTHOR), Mayorga, L. C. (AUTHOR), Mayne, Nathan (AUTHOR)
Source: Science. 5/21/2026, Vol. 392 Issue 6800, p858-862. 5p.
Subjects: Aerosols, Absorption spectra, Atmospheric physics, Water vapor transport, Vapors, Photochemical kinetics, Gas giants, Planetary atmospheres
Abstract: The spectra of exoplanet atmospheres are affected by aerosols (clouds and hazes) of uncertain origin. Proposed aerosol formation mechanisms include gas condensation or photochemical reactions. We measured the transmission spectrum of the tidally locked gas giant exoplanet WASP-94A b and identified asymmetry in its atmosphere. The morning limb is cooler and cloudy, whereas the evening limb is hotter and exhibits gaseous water absorption features. We interpret this difference as being due to the formation of cloud droplets near the morning limb, which evaporate during circulation to the evening limb. The dominant aerosols are clouds cycling between the day and night sides of the atmosphere, not photochemical hazes. The resulting asymmetry can severely bias chemical abundance measurements, unless limb-resolved spectroscopy is available. Editor's summary: When an exoplanet transits (passes in front of its host star, as seen from Earth), some of the background starlight passes through its atmosphere, where it can be absorbed or scattered. Transit observations can therefore determine the exoplanet's atmospheric spectrum averaged over the morning and evening sides. Mukherjee et al. have observed a transit of a gas giant exoplanet orbiting a bright star with sufficient signal-to-noise to extract separate spectra for the morning and evening. They found that the morning atmosphere is cloudy, but the evening atmosphere is clear and has water absorption features. This asymmetry can bias atmospheric composition measurements that use averaged spectra. —Keith T. Smith [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Cloudy mornings and clear evenings on a gas giant exoplanet.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mukherjee%2C+Sagnick%22">Mukherjee, Sagnick</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sing%2C+David+K%2E%22">Sing, David K.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fu%2C+Guangwei%22">Fu, Guangwei</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stevenson%2C+Kevin+B%2E%22">Stevenson, Kevin B.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schmidt%2C+Stephen+P%2E%22">Schmidt, Stephen P.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baskett%2C+Harry%22">Baskett, Harry</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mak%2C+Mei+Ting%22">Mak, Mei Ting</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McCreery%2C+Patrick%22">McCreery, Patrick</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Allen%2C+Natalie+H%2E%22">Allen, Natalie H.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bennett%2C+Katherine+A%2E%22">Bennett, Katherine A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Christie%2C+Duncan+A%2E%22">Christie, Duncan A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gascón%2C+Carlos%22">Gascón, Carlos</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Goyal%2C+Jayesh%22">Goyal, Jayesh</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hébrard%2C+Éric%22">Hébrard, Éric</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lothringer%2C+Joshua+D%2E%22">Lothringer, Joshua D.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22López-Morales%2C+Mercedes%22">López-Morales, Mercedes</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lustig-Yaeger%2C+Jacob%22">Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22May%2C+Erin+M%2E%22">May, Erin M.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mayorga%2C+L%2E+C%2E%22">Mayorga, L. C.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mayne%2C+Nathan%22">Mayne, Nathan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 5/21/2026, Vol. 392 Issue 6800, p858-862. 5p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aerosols%22">Aerosols</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Absorption+spectra%22">Absorption spectra</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+physics%22">Atmospheric physics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+vapor+transport%22">Water vapor transport</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vapors%22">Vapors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photochemical+kinetics%22">Photochemical kinetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gas+giants%22">Gas giants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Planetary+atmospheres%22">Planetary atmospheres</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The spectra of exoplanet atmospheres are affected by aerosols (clouds and hazes) of uncertain origin. Proposed aerosol formation mechanisms include gas condensation or photochemical reactions. We measured the transmission spectrum of the tidally locked gas giant exoplanet WASP-94A b and identified asymmetry in its atmosphere. The morning limb is cooler and cloudy, whereas the evening limb is hotter and exhibits gaseous water absorption features. We interpret this difference as being due to the formation of cloud droplets near the morning limb, which evaporate during circulation to the evening limb. The dominant aerosols are clouds cycling between the day and night sides of the atmosphere, not photochemical hazes. The resulting asymmetry can severely bias chemical abundance measurements, unless limb-resolved spectroscopy is available. Editor's summary: When an exoplanet transits (passes in front of its host star, as seen from Earth), some of the background starlight passes through its atmosphere, where it can be absorbed or scattered. Transit observations can therefore determine the exoplanet's atmospheric spectrum averaged over the morning and evening sides. Mukherjee et al. have observed a transit of a gas giant exoplanet orbiting a bright star with sufficient signal-to-noise to extract separate spectra for the morning and evening. They found that the morning atmosphere is cloudy, but the evening atmosphere is clear and has water absorption features. This asymmetry can bias atmospheric composition measurements that use averaged spectra. —Keith T. Smith [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1126/science.adx5903
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 5
        StartPage: 858
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Absorption spectra
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      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric physics
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      – SubjectFull: Photochemical kinetics
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      – SubjectFull: Gas giants
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      – SubjectFull: Planetary atmospheres
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