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The multiple scales of astrocytic functional units.

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Title: The multiple scales of astrocytic functional units.
Authors: Oliveira, João Filipe (AUTHOR), Agarwal, Amit (AUTHOR), Beckervordersandforth, Ruth (AUTHOR), Curreli, Sebastiano (AUTHOR), Denizot, Audrey (AUTHOR), Dulla, Chris (AUTHOR), Enger, Rune (AUTHOR), Goda, Yukiko (AUTHOR), Goshen, Inbal (AUTHOR), Holt, Matthew Guy (AUTHOR), Nimmerjahn, Axel (AUTHOR), Perea, Gertrudis (AUTHOR), Scimemi, Annalisa (AUTHOR), Henneberger, Christian (AUTHOR)
Source: Nature Neuroscience. Jun2026, Vol. 29 Issue 6, p1279-1292. 14p.
Abstract: Astrocytes modulate brain processes such as neurotransmitter signaling, ion homeostasis, vascular tone, metabolism and synaptic transmission, and serve a critical role in complex brain functions. However, it remains unclear on which spatial scales these functions are organized in astrocytes and their networks: for instance, whether astrocytic interactions with neurons are organized into units at the level of individual perisynaptic processes and synapses, astrocytic domains covering synapse populations, or astrocytic networks controlling local neuronal circuits. Here we analyze astrocytic morphological features and molecular heterogeneity to define the multiple spatial scales on which astrocytes operate. We further discuss evidence regarding their intracellular and intercellular signaling, their role in neurotransmitter homeostasis and their neurotransmitter-mediated dialog with neurons, supporting the existence of astrocytic functional units with distinct spatial scales. We propose that astrocytes constitute a multilayered system of functional units that operate across multiple spatial scales, thereby increasing the degrees of freedom in brain information processing. Astrocytes modulate complex brain functions. These ubiquitous glial cells constitute a multilayered system of functional units that operate across multiple spatial scales, thereby increasing the degrees of freedom in brain information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nature Neuroscience is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Astrocytes modulate brain processes such as neurotransmitter signaling, ion homeostasis, vascular tone, metabolism and synaptic transmission, and serve a critical role in complex brain functions. However, it remains unclear on which spatial scales these functions are organized in astrocytes and their networks: for instance, whether astrocytic interactions with neurons are organized into units at the level of individual perisynaptic processes and synapses, astrocytic domains covering synapse populations, or astrocytic networks controlling local neuronal circuits. Here we analyze astrocytic morphological features and molecular heterogeneity to define the multiple spatial scales on which astrocytes operate. We further discuss evidence regarding their intracellular and intercellular signaling, their role in neurotransmitter homeostasis and their neurotransmitter-mediated dialog with neurons, supporting the existence of astrocytic functional units with distinct spatial scales. We propose that astrocytes constitute a multilayered system of functional units that operate across multiple spatial scales, thereby increasing the degrees of freedom in brain information processing. Astrocytes modulate complex brain functions. These ubiquitous glial cells constitute a multilayered system of functional units that operate across multiple spatial scales, thereby increasing the degrees of freedom in brain information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nature Neuroscience is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Jun2026
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