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Sperm donor relations among adult offspring conceived via insemination by lesbian parents.

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Title: Sperm donor relations among adult offspring conceived via insemination by lesbian parents.
Authors: Koh, Audrey S. (AUTHOR), Rothblum, Esther D. (AUTHOR), Bos, Henny M.W. (AUTHOR), Carone, Nicola (AUTHOR), Gartrell, Nanette K. (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology. Jul2026, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p1102-1115. 14p.
Subjects: Satisfaction, Organ donor registries, Father-child relationship, DNA, Descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U Test, Motivation (Psychology), Sperm donation, Communication, Lesbians, Psychology of adult children
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: Aim: The present study examined how adult offspring of lesbian parents relate to their anonymous, open-identity, or known donors. Design: An online survey of 75 donor-conceived offspring of lesbian parents, aged 30–33 years, participating in Wave 7 of a U.S. 36-year longitudinal study of planned lesbian-parent families was conducted. Offspring were asked about donor type, motivations for contacting the donor, terminology for the donor, relationship quality, means of relationship maintenance, impact of donor contact on offspring's other family members, and their feelings about the donor. Results: Twenty offspring with anonymous donors and 15 with open-identity donors whom they had not contacted felt comfortable not knowing their donors. Forty offspring knew their donors – anonymous, contacted through an online registry (n = 7), open-identity, contacted (n = 9), or known since childhood (n = 24). Offspring who had contacted their donor since age 18 had their motivations fulfilled after contact, got along well with him, did not view him as a relative, and had told most family members about their contact, without detriment. Whether the donor was unknown or known at this stage of their lives, most offspring were satisfied with their contact level. Conclusion: This cohort of donor-conceived offspring of lesbian parents was among the first to reach adulthood during a time of technological advances in DNA testing, giving access to anonymous donors via online registries. The results inform donors, families, mental health providers, medical providers and public policymakers, on whether, how, and to what degree donor-conceived offspring optimally make donor contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Sperm donor relations among adult offspring conceived via insemination by lesbian parents.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Koh%2C+Audrey+S%2E%22">Koh, Audrey S.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rothblum%2C+Esther+D%2E%22">Rothblum, Esther D.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bos%2C+Henny+M%2EW%2E%22">Bos, Henny M.W.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carone%2C+Nicola%22">Carone, Nicola</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gartrell%2C+Nanette+K%2E%22">Gartrell, Nanette K.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Reproductive+%26+Infant+Psychology%22">Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p1102-1115. 14p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Satisfaction%22">Satisfaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Organ+donor+registries%22">Organ donor registries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Father-child+relationship%22">Father-child relationship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DNA%22">DNA</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mann+Whitney+U+Test%22">Mann Whitney U Test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motivation+%28Psychology%29%22">Motivation (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sperm+donation%22">Sperm donation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Communication%22">Communication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lesbians%22">Lesbians</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+of+adult+children%22">Psychology of adult children</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Aim: The present study examined how adult offspring of lesbian parents relate to their anonymous, open-identity, or known donors. Design: An online survey of 75 donor-conceived offspring of lesbian parents, aged 30–33 years, participating in Wave 7 of a U.S. 36-year longitudinal study of planned lesbian-parent families was conducted. Offspring were asked about donor type, motivations for contacting the donor, terminology for the donor, relationship quality, means of relationship maintenance, impact of donor contact on offspring's other family members, and their feelings about the donor. Results: Twenty offspring with anonymous donors and 15 with open-identity donors whom they had not contacted felt comfortable not knowing their donors. Forty offspring knew their donors – anonymous, contacted through an online registry (n = 7), open-identity, contacted (n = 9), or known since childhood (n = 24). Offspring who had contacted their donor since age 18 had their motivations fulfilled after contact, got along well with him, did not view him as a relative, and had told most family members about their contact, without detriment. Whether the donor was unknown or known at this stage of their lives, most offspring were satisfied with their contact level. Conclusion: This cohort of donor-conceived offspring of lesbian parents was among the first to reach adulthood during a time of technological advances in DNA testing, giving access to anonymous donors via online registries. The results inform donors, families, mental health providers, medical providers and public policymakers, on whether, how, and to what degree donor-conceived offspring optimally make donor contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=194783075
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/02646838.2023.2227867
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 1102
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Satisfaction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Organ donor registries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Father-child relationship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: DNA
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Motivation (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sperm donation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Communication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lesbians
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology of adult children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Sperm donor relations among adult offspring conceived via insemination by lesbian parents.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Koh, Audrey S.
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            NameFull: Rothblum, Esther D.
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            NameFull: Bos, Henny M.W.
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            NameFull: Gartrell, Nanette K.
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 44
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology
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