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Estimating the Joint Probability Density for Index Construction: Some Simplifications Using the TWEAK as Example.

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Title: Estimating the Joint Probability Density for Index Construction: Some Simplifications Using the TWEAK as Example.
Authors: Murdoch, Maureen (AUTHOR), Clothier, Barbara Ann (AUTHOR), Noorbaloochi, Siamak (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. Jun2026, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p1-8. 8p.
Subjects: Distribution (Probability theory), Alcoholism, Post-traumatic stress, Veterans, Confirmatory factor analysis, Mathematical statistics, Item response theory
Abstract: Background: Index construction using the joint probability density (JPD) method is extremely robust and, unlike confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) or item response theory (IRT), puts few restrictions on underlying data. When input variables' numbers are large, however, JPD estimation can be difficult. Objective: To assess two simplifications of JPD estimation using the TWEAK, a well validated screener for problematic drinking, and to compare these against the fully estimated JPD, the conventionally scored TWEAK, and TWEAK scores estimated through CFA and IRT. Methods: Mailed survey of a nationally representative panel of 410 gender‐stratified, post‐9/11 Veterans with pending disability claims for posttraumatic stress disorder. Results: Summary statistics for the TWEAK's fully estimated JPD and the two simplifications were very similar, and Spearman's correlations were 0.97–1.00 (ps < 0.001). Spearman's correlations across the remaining scoring approaches were −0.84 to −0.90 (ps < 0.001). All 6 scoring approaches identified differences in men's TWEAK scores by alcohol use diagnosis (ps ≤ 0.02); the 3 JPD approaches did not reach statistical significance in the women. IRT analysis identified local dependence issues. Conclusions: Our simplified estimations of JPD score were very similar to the fully estimated JPD and much easier to calculate. All 3 JPD estimations were highly concordant with more traditional scoring approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Estimating the Joint Probability Density for Index Construction: Some Simplifications Using the TWEAK as Example.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22International+Journal+of+Methods+in+Psychiatric+Research%22&quot;&gt;International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Jun2026, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p1-8. 8p.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Index construction using the joint probability density (JPD) method is extremely robust and, unlike confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) or item response theory (IRT), puts few restrictions on underlying data. When input variables&#39; numbers are large, however, JPD estimation can be difficult. Objective: To assess two simplifications of JPD estimation using the TWEAK, a well validated screener for problematic drinking, and to compare these against the fully estimated JPD, the conventionally scored TWEAK, and TWEAK scores estimated through CFA and IRT. Methods: Mailed survey of a nationally representative panel of 410 gender‐stratified, post‐9/11 Veterans with pending disability claims for posttraumatic stress disorder. Results: Summary statistics for the TWEAK&#39;s fully estimated JPD and the two simplifications were very similar, and Spearman&#39;s correlations were 0.97–1.00 (ps &lt; 0.001). Spearman&#39;s correlations across the remaining scoring approaches were −0.84 to −0.90 (ps &lt; 0.001). All 6 scoring approaches identified differences in men&#39;s TWEAK scores by alcohol use diagnosis (ps ≤ 0.02); the 3 JPD approaches did not reach statistical significance in the women. IRT analysis identified local dependence issues. Conclusions: Our simplified estimations of JPD score were very similar to the fully estimated JPD and much easier to calculate. All 3 JPD estimations were highly concordant with more traditional scoring approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/mpr.70081
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Distribution (Probability theory)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Alcoholism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Post-traumatic stress
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Veterans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confirmatory factor analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Item response theory
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Estimating the Joint Probability Density for Index Construction: Some Simplifications Using the TWEAK as Example.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Murdoch, Maureen
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Clothier, Barbara Ann
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            NameFull: Noorbaloochi, Siamak
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 35
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research
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