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The Effect of Working Memory Load on Impulsivity During Smoking Abstinence: An Eye-Tracking Study.

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Title: The Effect of Working Memory Load on Impulsivity During Smoking Abstinence: An Eye-Tracking Study.
Authors: Köse, Fatma Ebru (AUTHOR), Pakyürek, Gün (AUTHOR)
Source: Substance Use & Misuse. 2026, Vol. 61 Issue 9, p1333-1345. 13p.
Subjects: Research funding, Task performance, Cognitive testing, T-test (Statistics), Data analysis, Smoking, Decision making, Descriptive statistics, Delay discounting (Psychology), Mann Whitney U Test, Impulsive personality, Experimental design, Attention, Reward (Psychology), Memory, Non-smokers, Analysis of variance, Statistics, Comparative studies, Data analysis software, Drug abstinence, Eye movements, Thought & thinking
Abstract: Background: Determining the cognitive processes involved in maintaining tobacco use is an important step toward explaining the nature of addiction. Studies have found that young smokers are more impulsive than nonsmokers. Working memory (WM) is needed to prevent and control impulsivity in unwanted situations. Objectives: This study examined the relationship between WM capacity and impulsivity and how WM load influences impulsive decision making with smokers, nonsmokers, and abstinent participants (ntotal = 36) with an experimental dual-task. Participants completed the N-back (WM) and delay discounting (DD-impulsivity) tasks simultaneously, whilst their eye movements were recorded. Results: The results showed accuracy in the n-back task reduced as n increased, there was no evidence of delay discounting in any of the groups. There was no correlation of WMC and trait impulsivity. Participants' first fixation durations, indicating attention and information processing, increased with increasing WM load. All participants had shorter first fixation durations on proximal rewards than on distal rewards and revisited proximal rewards more. Conclusion: Participants may change their attentional strategies under WM load, and different attentional processes measured by eye movements may be an indicator of impulsivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The Effect of Working Memory Load on Impulsivity During Smoking Abstinence: An Eye-Tracking Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Köse%2C+Fatma+Ebru%22">Köse, Fatma Ebru</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pakyürek%2C+Gün%22">Pakyürek, Gün</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Substance+Use+%26+Misuse%22">Substance Use & Misuse</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 61 Issue 9, p1333-1345. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Task+performance%22">Task performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+testing%22">Cognitive testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Smoking%22">Smoking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Decision+making%22">Decision making</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Delay+discounting+%28Psychology%29%22">Delay discounting (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mann+Whitney+U+Test%22">Mann Whitney U Test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Impulsive+personality%22">Impulsive personality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experimental+design%22">Experimental design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attention%22">Attention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reward+%28Psychology%29%22">Reward (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory%22">Memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Non-smokers%22">Non-smokers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+variance%22">Analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+abstinence%22">Drug abstinence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eye+movements%22">Eye movements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thought+%26+thinking%22">Thought & thinking</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Determining the cognitive processes involved in maintaining tobacco use is an important step toward explaining the nature of addiction. Studies have found that young smokers are more impulsive than nonsmokers. Working memory (WM) is needed to prevent and control impulsivity in unwanted situations. Objectives: This study examined the relationship between WM capacity and impulsivity and how WM load influences impulsive decision making with smokers, nonsmokers, and abstinent participants (ntotal = 36) with an experimental dual-task. Participants completed the N-back (WM) and delay discounting (DD-impulsivity) tasks simultaneously, whilst their eye movements were recorded. Results: The results showed accuracy in the n-back task reduced as n increased, there was no evidence of delay discounting in any of the groups. There was no correlation of WMC and trait impulsivity. Participants' first fixation durations, indicating attention and information processing, increased with increasing WM load. All participants had shorter first fixation durations on proximal rewards than on distal rewards and revisited proximal rewards more. Conclusion: Participants may change their attentional strategies under WM load, and different attentional processes measured by eye movements may be an indicator of impulsivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=194999406
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/10826084.2025.2604640
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 1333
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Task performance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Smoking
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Decision making
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Delay discounting (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mann Whitney U Test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Impulsive personality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reward (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Memory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Non-smokers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug abstinence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Eye movements
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thought & thinking
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Effect of Working Memory Load on Impulsivity During Smoking Abstinence: An Eye-Tracking Study.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Köse, Fatma Ebru
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            NameFull: Pakyürek, Gün
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 61
            – Type: issue
              Value: 9
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            – TitleFull: Substance Use & Misuse
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