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Blood Alcohol Concentration in Finnish Suicide Deaths and Associated Risk Factors, 2016–2024.

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Title: Blood Alcohol Concentration in Finnish Suicide Deaths and Associated Risk Factors, 2016–2024.
Authors: Pokornyi, Tristan (AUTHOR), Grainger, Marjut (AUTHOR), Partonen, Timo (AUTHOR)
Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Aug2026, Vol. 154 Issue 2, p163-180. 18p.
Subjects: Suicide, Blood alcohol, Mental illness, Disease risk factors, Medical care use, Alcohol drinking, Age groups
Geographic Terms: Finland
Abstract: Aims: There is limited research examining the relationship between blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and other risk factors among suicide deaths in Finland. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship of an elevated (more than zero) blood alcohol concentration with medical history, including sociodemographic characteristics and disease diagnoses. Methods: Data was collected from suicide deaths in Finland from 2016 to 2024 and verified by official cause‐of‐death investigations, which included forensic autopsy, toxicology results, and other key information from death certificates and national healthcare registries. A condition recorded in both the death certificate (autopsy) and healthcare register was considered as confirmed diagnosis. BAC, as expressed as a percentage, was grouped into three categories: nil (BAC = 0.000), low‐to‐medium (BAC = 0.010%–0.099%), and high (BAC = 0.100%–0.500%). Descriptive statistics, correlation, and stepwise logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for BAC categories were undertaken. Results: The number of suicide deaths from 2016 to 2024 in Finland was n = 6892, with 5183 men (75.2%) and 1709 women (24.8%). BAC reports were available for n = 6835. Independent factors associated with a low‐to‐medium or high BAC at death were alcohol use (ORs: 41.80–275.27), longer than 1 day since last healthcare visit (ORs: 1.54–2.53), previous suicide attempt(s) (ORs: 1.42–1.65), and female gender (only for high BAC, OR: 1.30). There were reduced odds for schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis (OR: 0.17), bipolar disorder (OR: 0.29), age groups 10–19 (ORs: 0.30–0.65), 80 and over (ORs: 0.15–0.39), and 70–79 years (only for high BAC, OR: 0.43). Conclusion: Our findings show that individuals with documented habitual alcohol use, female gender, previous suicide attempts, and less frequent healthcare visits had higher odds of intoxication at suicide. Meanwhile, being aged under 20, over 70, or diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorders reduced the odds. The results highlight the need for proactive healthcare engagement and integrated alcohol‐use interventions in suicide prevention strategies. Significant Outcomes: Documented habitual alcohol use, infrequent healthcare contact, previous suicide attempt(s), and female gender were key factors associated with increased odds of high blood alcohol concentration at suicide.A confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, being aged under 20 or over 70 were key factors associated with reduced odds of high BAC at suicide.Our study findings indicate that increased healthcare engagement and alcohol‐use interventions would benefit individuals at risk of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
An: 195037704
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Blood Alcohol Concentration in Finnish Suicide Deaths and Associated Risk Factors, 2016–2024.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pokornyi%2C+Tristan%22">Pokornyi, Tristan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grainger%2C+Marjut%22">Grainger, Marjut</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Partonen%2C+Timo%22">Partonen, Timo</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Acta+Psychiatrica+Scandinavica%22">Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica</searchLink>. Aug2026, Vol. 154 Issue 2, p163-180. 18p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Suicide%22">Suicide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Blood+alcohol%22">Blood alcohol</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+illness%22">Mental illness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+risk+factors%22">Disease risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+care+use%22">Medical care use</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alcohol+drinking%22">Alcohol drinking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+groups%22">Age groups</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finland%22">Finland</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Aims: There is limited research examining the relationship between blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and other risk factors among suicide deaths in Finland. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship of an elevated (more than zero) blood alcohol concentration with medical history, including sociodemographic characteristics and disease diagnoses. Methods: Data was collected from suicide deaths in Finland from 2016 to 2024 and verified by official cause‐of‐death investigations, which included forensic autopsy, toxicology results, and other key information from death certificates and national healthcare registries. A condition recorded in both the death certificate (autopsy) and healthcare register was considered as confirmed diagnosis. BAC, as expressed as a percentage, was grouped into three categories: nil (BAC = 0.000), low‐to‐medium (BAC = 0.010%–0.099%), and high (BAC = 0.100%–0.500%). Descriptive statistics, correlation, and stepwise logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for BAC categories were undertaken. Results: The number of suicide deaths from 2016 to 2024 in Finland was n = 6892, with 5183 men (75.2%) and 1709 women (24.8%). BAC reports were available for n = 6835. Independent factors associated with a low‐to‐medium or high BAC at death were alcohol use (ORs: 41.80–275.27), longer than 1 day since last healthcare visit (ORs: 1.54–2.53), previous suicide attempt(s) (ORs: 1.42–1.65), and female gender (only for high BAC, OR: 1.30). There were reduced odds for schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis (OR: 0.17), bipolar disorder (OR: 0.29), age groups 10–19 (ORs: 0.30–0.65), 80 and over (ORs: 0.15–0.39), and 70–79 years (only for high BAC, OR: 0.43). Conclusion: Our findings show that individuals with documented habitual alcohol use, female gender, previous suicide attempts, and less frequent healthcare visits had higher odds of intoxication at suicide. Meanwhile, being aged under 20, over 70, or diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorders reduced the odds. The results highlight the need for proactive healthcare engagement and integrated alcohol‐use interventions in suicide prevention strategies. Significant Outcomes: Documented habitual alcohol use, infrequent healthcare contact, previous suicide attempt(s), and female gender were key factors associated with increased odds of high blood alcohol concentration at suicide.A confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, being aged under 20 or over 70 were key factors associated with reduced odds of high BAC at suicide.Our study findings indicate that increased healthcare engagement and alcohol‐use interventions would benefit individuals at risk of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/acps.70100
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 163
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Suicide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Blood alcohol
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental illness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Medical care use
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Alcohol drinking
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Age groups
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Finland
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Blood Alcohol Concentration in Finnish Suicide Deaths and Associated Risk Factors, 2016–2024.
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            NameFull: Pokornyi, Tristan
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            NameFull: Grainger, Marjut
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            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 154
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