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Associations between trauma exposure and symptoms of depression and anxiety among first, second, and later-generation immigrant college students.

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Title: Associations between trauma exposure and symptoms of depression and anxiety among first, second, and later-generation immigrant college students.
Authors: Wong, Tracy (AUTHOR), Wong, Agnes (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of American College Health. Jul2026, Vol. 74 Issue 6, p1762-1771. 10p.
Subjects: Mental depression risk factors, Wounds & injuries, Immigrants, Risk assessment, Cross-sectional method, Statistical power analysis, Sex crimes, Violence, Mental health, Cronbach's alpha, Data analysis, Prediction models, Sex distribution, Questionnaires, Multiple regression analysis, Anxiety, Classification of mental disorders, Age distribution, Chi-squared test, Emotional trauma, Bereavement, Race, Statistics, One-way analysis of variance, Psychology of college students, Social support, Grief, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, Adverse childhood experiences
Abstract: Objective: This study examined how prior trauma relates to depression and anxiety symptoms among 713 college students across generational immigrant groups – first-, second-, and "later"-generation. Methods: Participants completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 and reported bereavement, social support, and trauma exposure. Results: Symptoms of depression and anxiety were similar across generational groups, though predictors varied. Among first-generation students, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scores (β =.35, p <.001), age (β = −.30, p <.001), social support (β = −.28, p <.001), and recent bereavement (β =.14, p =.036) significantly predicted depression, explaining 26% of variance; age (β = −.27), ACE scores (β =.28), and social support (β = −.21) predicted anxiety (20% variance explained). For second-generation students, social support (β = −.27, p <.001) was the strongest depression predictor, alongside ACE scores (β =.27, p <.001), trauma exposure (β =.14, p =.008), and male gender (β = −.13, p =.007), explaining 25% of variance; ACE scores (β =.26), social support (β = −.20), trauma exposure (β =.11), and male gender (β = −.10) predicted anxiety (16% variance explained). For later-generation participants, ACE scores (β =.23, p =.025), social support (β = −.18, p =.034), and Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity (β =.16, p =.048) predicted depression (11% variance); ACE scores (β =.30, p =.003) and Black ethnicity (β = −.18, p =.027) predicted anxiety (13% variance). Social support was negatively associated with depression and anxiety across most groups. Conclusions: Adverse childhood experiences are key predictors of depression and anxiety symptoms in immigrant students, though other predictors vary by subgroup. These findings underscore the necessity of considering generational context when addressing mental health in immigrant populations and that interventions should prioritize trauma-informed, culturally sensitive approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of American College Health is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Associations between trauma exposure and symptoms of depression and anxiety among first, second, and later-generation immigrant college students.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objective: This study examined how prior trauma relates to depression and anxiety symptoms among 713 college students across generational immigrant groups – first-, second-, and &quot;later&quot;-generation. Methods: Participants completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 and reported bereavement, social support, and trauma exposure. Results: Symptoms of depression and anxiety were similar across generational groups, though predictors varied. Among first-generation students, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scores (β =.35, p &lt;.001), age (β = −.30, p &lt;.001), social support (β = −.28, p &lt;.001), and recent bereavement (β =.14, p =.036) significantly predicted depression, explaining 26% of variance; age (β = −.27), ACE scores (β =.28), and social support (β = −.21) predicted anxiety (20% variance explained). For second-generation students, social support (β = −.27, p &lt;.001) was the strongest depression predictor, alongside ACE scores (β =.27, p &lt;.001), trauma exposure (β =.14, p =.008), and male gender (β = −.13, p =.007), explaining 25% of variance; ACE scores (β =.26), social support (β = −.20), trauma exposure (β =.11), and male gender (β = −.10) predicted anxiety (16% variance explained). For later-generation participants, ACE scores (β =.23, p =.025), social support (β = −.18, p =.034), and Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity (β =.16, p =.048) predicted depression (11% variance); ACE scores (β =.30, p =.003) and Black ethnicity (β = −.18, p =.027) predicted anxiety (13% variance). Social support was negatively associated with depression and anxiety across most groups. Conclusions: Adverse childhood experiences are key predictors of depression and anxiety symptoms in immigrant students, though other predictors vary by subgroup. These findings underscore the necessity of considering generational context when addressing mental health in immigrant populations and that interventions should prioritize trauma-informed, culturally sensitive approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Journal of American College Health is the property of Taylor &amp; Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/07448481.2025.2608835
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1762
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Mental depression risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wounds & injuries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Immigrants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical power analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex crimes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Violence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cronbach's alpha
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prediction models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multiple regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anxiety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Classification of mental disorders
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Age distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chi-squared test
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotional trauma
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bereavement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Race
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: One-way analysis of variance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology of college students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social support
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grief
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adverse childhood experiences
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Associations between trauma exposure and symptoms of depression and anxiety among first, second, and later-generation immigrant college students.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Wong, Tracy
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            NameFull: Wong, Agnes
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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