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Spiritual Coping and Stigmatization in Caregivers of Patients With Bipolar Disorder: Mediating Role of Self‐Compassion.

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Title: Spiritual Coping and Stigmatization in Caregivers of Patients With Bipolar Disorder: Mediating Role of Self‐Compassion.
Authors: Yılmaz, Emine (AUTHOR), Gür, Ganime Can (AUTHOR), Uğur, Kerim (AUTHOR), Ayyıldız, Yasemin Ece (AUTHOR), Sampaio, Francisco (AUTHOR)
Source: Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 7/8/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-11. 11p.
Subjects: Bipolar disorder, Cross-sectional method, Pearson correlation (Statistics), Cronbach's alpha, T-test (Statistics), Statistical sampling, Interviewing, Research evaluation, Multiple regression analysis, Psychological adaptation, Self-compassion, Holistic nursing, Descriptive statistics, Spirituality, Statistics, One-way analysis of variance, Psychology of caregivers, Factor analysis, Sociodemographic factors, Data analysis software, Confidence intervals, Social stigma
Abstract: Objectives: Bipolar disorder significantly reduces the functionality of individuals and imposes a great burden on both patients and caregivers. This study aimed to examine the relationship between spiritual coping and stigmatization and to investigate the potential mediating role of self‐compassion in this relationship among caregivers of individuals with bipolar disorder. Methods: This cross‐sectional study evaluated 131 caregivers of individuals with bipolar disorder, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected via face‐to‐face interviews using the sociodemographic information form, the family spiritual coping scale, and the self‐compassion scale short form. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and the PROCESS macro (Model 4). Results: Significant relationships were observed among spiritual coping, self‐compassion, and stigmatization, with the overall mediation model explaining 20.4% of the variance in stigma levels. Mediation analysis showed that self‐compassion significantly mediated the relationship between spiritual coping and stigmatization. Specifically, spiritual coping was found to be associated with a lower perception of stigmatization indirectly, through its positive correlation with caregivers' self‐compassion levels. Conclusions: The findings suggest that spiritual coping is a significant variable that may relate to reduced stigmatization, with self‐compassion acting as a key mediating pathway. The study highlights the need for spirituality‐integrated interventions that promote both existential meaning‐making and self‐compassion among caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Perspectives in Psychiatric Care is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Spiritual Coping and Stigmatization in Caregivers of Patients With Bipolar Disorder: Mediating Role of Self‐Compassion.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yılmaz%2C+Emine%22">Yılmaz, Emine</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gür%2C+Ganime+Can%22">Gür, Ganime Can</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Uğur%2C+Kerim%22">Uğur, Kerim</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ayyıldız%2C+Yasemin+Ece%22">Ayyıldız, Yasemin Ece</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sampaio%2C+Francisco%22">Sampaio, Francisco</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Perspectives+in+Psychiatric+Care%22">Perspectives in Psychiatric Care</searchLink>. 7/8/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-11. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bipolar+disorder%22">Bipolar disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pearson+correlation+%28Statistics%29%22">Pearson correlation (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cronbach's+alpha%22">Cronbach's alpha</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+sampling%22">Statistical sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interviewing%22">Interviewing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+evaluation%22">Research evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiple+regression+analysis%22">Multiple regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+adaptation%22">Psychological adaptation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-compassion%22">Self-compassion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Holistic+nursing%22">Holistic nursing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spirituality%22">Spirituality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22One-way+analysis+of+variance%22">One-way analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+of+caregivers%22">Psychology of caregivers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+analysis%22">Factor analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sociodemographic+factors%22">Sociodemographic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+stigma%22">Social stigma</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objectives: Bipolar disorder significantly reduces the functionality of individuals and imposes a great burden on both patients and caregivers. This study aimed to examine the relationship between spiritual coping and stigmatization and to investigate the potential mediating role of self‐compassion in this relationship among caregivers of individuals with bipolar disorder. Methods: This cross‐sectional study evaluated 131 caregivers of individuals with bipolar disorder, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected via face‐to‐face interviews using the sociodemographic information form, the family spiritual coping scale, and the self‐compassion scale short form. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and the PROCESS macro (Model 4). Results: Significant relationships were observed among spiritual coping, self‐compassion, and stigmatization, with the overall mediation model explaining 20.4% of the variance in stigma levels. Mediation analysis showed that self‐compassion significantly mediated the relationship between spiritual coping and stigmatization. Specifically, spiritual coping was found to be associated with a lower perception of stigmatization indirectly, through its positive correlation with caregivers' self‐compassion levels. Conclusions: The findings suggest that spiritual coping is a significant variable that may relate to reduced stigmatization, with self‐compassion acting as a key mediating pathway. The study highlights the need for spirituality‐integrated interventions that promote both existential meaning‐making and self‐compassion among caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Perspectives in Psychiatric Care is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1155/ppc/8808923
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Bipolar disorder
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pearson correlation (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cronbach's alpha
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: T-test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multiple regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological adaptation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self-compassion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Holistic nursing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spirituality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: One-way analysis of variance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology of caregivers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Factor analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sociodemographic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social stigma
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Spiritual Coping and Stigmatization in Caregivers of Patients With Bipolar Disorder: Mediating Role of Self‐Compassion.
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            NameFull: Yılmaz, Emine
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            NameFull: Gür, Ganime Can
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            NameFull: Ayyıldız, Yasemin Ece
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            – D: 08
              M: 07
              Text: 7/8/2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 2026
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