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A Systematic Review of Community Pharmacy‐Led Depression Services: Service Components, Outcomes, and Implementation Barriers and Facilitators.

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Title: A Systematic Review of Community Pharmacy‐Led Depression Services: Service Components, Outcomes, and Implementation Barriers and Facilitators.
Authors: Kernaghan, David (AUTHOR), Alshammari, Hisham (AUTHOR), Akram, Gazala (AUTHOR), Pratt, Judith (AUTHOR), Maxwell, Margaret (AUTHOR), Watson, Margaret C. (AUTHOR), Weir, Natalie (AUTHOR), Choudhury, Samraggi (AUTHOR)
Source: Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269). 7/10/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-26. 26p.
Subjects: Mental health services, Drugstores, Therapeutics, Mediators (Persons)
Abstract: Background: Depression is the most common mental ill health condition, and its prevalence is increasing. Despite this, its treatment is variable often due to a lack of capacity within healthcare systems to support this vulnerable population. Community pharmacy staff could offer additional support. This systematic review identifies depression services led by community pharmacy staff, their service components, outcomes, and barriers/facilitators to their implementation. Methods: Four bibliographic databases were searched (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) from 2000 onwards. Title/abstract and full‐text screening was conducted. Data on the service components were mapped to the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR). Clinical, humanistic, economic, and service outcomes were charted. Barriers and facilitators were mapped to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Quality assessment was performed using the Quality Assessment with Diverse Studies (QuADS) tool. Results: Fifty studies were included. Seventeen studies identified general attitudes regarding community pharmacy services for depression, which were generally supportive. The majority (n = 33) explored an implemented depression service focusing on depression advice/education (n = 15), screening (n = 12), medication adherence (n = 4), medication review (n = 1), and disease therapy management (DTM) (n = 1). Clinical outcomes were the most commonly reported types of outcomes, with varied results. Key facilitators were linked to the pharmacy 'inner setting', including accessibility of community pharmacies, the use of private consultation rooms, and skills/training of staff. Barriers to service delivery related often to the external 'outer setting', especially societal stigma, low public awareness of pharmacy roles, funding constraints, and limited collaboration with other healthcare professionals. Conclusion: This international review identified a range of different services that community pharmacy staff can deliver to support people with depression, ranging from supporting diagnosis, health literacy, and management plans. The accessibility of community pharmacies for depression service delivery warrants further investigation. However, limited empirical evidence of clinical and economic outcomes and reported implementation barriers may complicate broader implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Label: Title
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  Data: A Systematic Review of Community Pharmacy‐Led Depression Services: Service Components, Outcomes, and Implementation Barriers and Facilitators.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kernaghan%2C+David%22">Kernaghan, David</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alshammari%2C+Hisham%22">Alshammari, Hisham</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Akram%2C+Gazala%22">Akram, Gazala</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pratt%2C+Judith%22">Pratt, Judith</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maxwell%2C+Margaret%22">Maxwell, Margaret</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Watson%2C+Margaret+C%2E%22">Watson, Margaret C.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Weir%2C+Natalie%22">Weir, Natalie</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Choudhury%2C+Samraggi%22">Choudhury, Samraggi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Depression+%26+Anxiety+%281091-4269%29%22">Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269)</searchLink>. 7/10/2026, Vol. 2026, p1-26. 26p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+health+services%22">Mental health services</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drugstores%22">Drugstores</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Therapeutics%22">Therapeutics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mediators+%28Persons%29%22">Mediators (Persons)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Depression is the most common mental ill health condition, and its prevalence is increasing. Despite this, its treatment is variable often due to a lack of capacity within healthcare systems to support this vulnerable population. Community pharmacy staff could offer additional support. This systematic review identifies depression services led by community pharmacy staff, their service components, outcomes, and barriers/facilitators to their implementation. Methods: Four bibliographic databases were searched (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) from 2000 onwards. Title/abstract and full‐text screening was conducted. Data on the service components were mapped to the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR). Clinical, humanistic, economic, and service outcomes were charted. Barriers and facilitators were mapped to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Quality assessment was performed using the Quality Assessment with Diverse Studies (QuADS) tool. Results: Fifty studies were included. Seventeen studies identified general attitudes regarding community pharmacy services for depression, which were generally supportive. The majority (n = 33) explored an implemented depression service focusing on depression advice/education (n = 15), screening (n = 12), medication adherence (n = 4), medication review (n = 1), and disease therapy management (DTM) (n = 1). Clinical outcomes were the most commonly reported types of outcomes, with varied results. Key facilitators were linked to the pharmacy 'inner setting', including accessibility of community pharmacies, the use of private consultation rooms, and skills/training of staff. Barriers to service delivery related often to the external 'outer setting', especially societal stigma, low public awareness of pharmacy roles, funding constraints, and limited collaboration with other healthcare professionals. Conclusion: This international review identified a range of different services that community pharmacy staff can deliver to support people with depression, ranging from supporting diagnosis, health literacy, and management plans. The accessibility of community pharmacies for depression service delivery warrants further investigation. However, limited empirical evidence of clinical and economic outcomes and reported implementation barriers may complicate broader implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – SubjectFull: Therapeutics
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      – SubjectFull: Mediators (Persons)
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      – TitleFull: A Systematic Review of Community Pharmacy‐Led Depression Services: Service Components, Outcomes, and Implementation Barriers and Facilitators.
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              Text: 7/10/2026
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              Y: 2026
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