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The Diverse Role of ipRGCs in Visual Perception Beyond Non‐Image‐Forming Functions.

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Title: The Diverse Role of ipRGCs in Visual Perception Beyond Non‐Image‐Forming Functions.
Authors: Parnami, Kashish (AUTHOR), Bhattacharyya, Anwesha (AUTHOR)
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience. Jul2026, Vol. 64 Issue 1, p1-10. 10p.
Subjects: Visual perception, Retinal ganglion cells, Visual cortex, Melanopsin, Photoreceptors, Optical information processing, Lateral geniculate body
Abstract: The intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are the third class of photoreceptors apart from rods and cones, containing the photopigment melanopsin and are characterized into different subtypes (M1–M6) that support conscious visual perception. They transmit the light information to the brain through complex circuits serving both non‐image‐forming and image‐forming functions. Of the total population, there are four main ipRGCs, such as M2, M4, M5 and M6 that project substantially to the image‐forming visual pathway and target the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Recent research has shown that they can modulate the excitatory and inhibitory balance in the primary visual cortex (V1) and thereby boost cortical computations for orientation discrimination. However, the projections of these ipRGCs to the V1 and how they integrate melanopsin signals with the conventional retinal ganglion cells is not yet clear. In this review, we summarize the morphological, physiological and behavioural characteristics of the ipRGC population that project to dLGN and contribute to image processing. Further research to understand how they can potentially enhance sensory representations in the visual cortex would offer therapeutic advantage in several eye diseases causing blindness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The Diverse Role of ipRGCs in Visual Perception Beyond Non‐Image‐Forming Functions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Parnami%2C+Kashish%22">Parnami, Kashish</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bhattacharyya%2C+Anwesha%22">Bhattacharyya, Anwesha</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Journal+of+Neuroscience%22">European Journal of Neuroscience</searchLink>. Jul2026, Vol. 64 Issue 1, p1-10. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+perception%22">Visual perception</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Retinal+ganglion+cells%22">Retinal ganglion cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+cortex%22">Visual cortex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Melanopsin%22">Melanopsin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photoreceptors%22">Photoreceptors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+information+processing%22">Optical information processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lateral+geniculate+body%22">Lateral geniculate body</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are the third class of photoreceptors apart from rods and cones, containing the photopigment melanopsin and are characterized into different subtypes (M1–M6) that support conscious visual perception. They transmit the light information to the brain through complex circuits serving both non‐image‐forming and image‐forming functions. Of the total population, there are four main ipRGCs, such as M2, M4, M5 and M6 that project substantially to the image‐forming visual pathway and target the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Recent research has shown that they can modulate the excitatory and inhibitory balance in the primary visual cortex (V1) and thereby boost cortical computations for orientation discrimination. However, the projections of these ipRGCs to the V1 and how they integrate melanopsin signals with the conventional retinal ganglion cells is not yet clear. In this review, we summarize the morphological, physiological and behavioural characteristics of the ipRGC population that project to dLGN and contribute to image processing. Further research to understand how they can potentially enhance sensory representations in the visual cortex would offer therapeutic advantage in several eye diseases causing blindness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of European Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/ejn.70622
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Visual perception
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Retinal ganglion cells
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Visual cortex
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Melanopsin
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photoreceptors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optical information processing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lateral geniculate body
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: The Diverse Role of ipRGCs in Visual Perception Beyond Non‐Image‐Forming Functions.
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            NameFull: Parnami, Kashish
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            NameFull: Bhattacharyya, Anwesha
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            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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