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An Epidemic of Complexity: Polysubstance Use Fatal Overdose Typologies Across Cook County, Illinois, Neighborhoods, 2017‒2022.

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Title: An Epidemic of Complexity: Polysubstance Use Fatal Overdose Typologies Across Cook County, Illinois, Neighborhoods, 2017‒2022.
Authors: Cadet, Kechna, Martins, Silvia S., Nesoff, Elizabeth D.
Source: American Journal of Public Health. Aug2026, Vol. 116 Issue 8, p1210-1219. 10p.
Subjects: Drug overdose, Substance abuse, Cross-sectional method, Cocaine, Social determinants of health, Research funding, Residential patterns, Socioeconomic factors, Census, Probability theory, Logistic regression analysis, Sex distribution, Population geography, Descriptive statistics, Global Positioning System, Heroin, Odds ratio, Confidence intervals, Comparative studies, Data analysis software, Drugs of abuse, Fentanyl
Geographic Terms: Illinois
Abstract: Objectives. To examine geospatial polysubstance use overdose typologies and socio-structural determinants among overdose decedents in Cook County, Illinois, from 2017 to 2022. Methods. Decedents' addresses were geocoded and aggregated to census tract level (n = 1331). We conducted latent profile analysis to identify census tract profiles based on overdose fatality rates per 1000 census tract population across 9 drug types (alcohol, fentanyl, prescription opioids, heroin, cocaine, benzodiazepines, xylazine, methamphetamine/amphetamine, and other drugs). We used Bayesian spatial multinomial logistic regression to determine what census tract socio-structural determinants could predict polysubstance profile membership. Results. Three clusters of polysubstance use—low, moderate, and high—emerged with fentanyl, cocaine, and heroin dominating all clusters. In the adjusted model, census tracts with lower median household income were associated with increased odds of belonging to the moderate polysubstance use profile (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90; 95% Bayesian credible interval [CrI] = 0.85, 0.96) compared with the referent group. Also, census tracts with high Black isolation (quartile 4: OR = 2.93; 95% CrI = 1.44, 6.02) and higher population density (OR = 1.24; 95% CrI = 1.13, 1.37) were more likely to belong in the high polysubstance use profiles. Conclusions. Findings support the need for targeted resources tailored for particular neighborhoods. (Am J Public Health. 2026;116(8):1210–1219. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2026.308446) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: An Epidemic of Complexity: Polysubstance Use Fatal Overdose Typologies Across Cook County, Illinois, Neighborhoods, 2017‒2022.
– Name: Author
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cadet%2C+Kechna%22">Cadet, Kechna</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martins%2C+Silvia+S%2E%22">Martins, Silvia S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nesoff%2C+Elizabeth+D%2E%22">Nesoff, Elizabeth D.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Public+Health%22">American Journal of Public Health</searchLink>. Aug2026, Vol. 116 Issue 8, p1210-1219. 10p.
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  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+overdose%22">Drug overdose</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Substance+abuse%22">Substance abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cocaine%22">Cocaine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+determinants+of+health%22">Social determinants of health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Residential+patterns%22">Residential patterns</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Socioeconomic+factors%22">Socioeconomic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Census%22">Census</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Probability+theory%22">Probability theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logistic+regression+analysis%22">Logistic regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+distribution%22">Sex distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Population+geography%22">Population geography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Global+Positioning+System%22">Global Positioning System</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heroin%22">Heroin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drugs+of+abuse%22">Drugs of abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fentanyl%22">Fentanyl</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Illinois%22">Illinois</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objectives. To examine geospatial polysubstance use overdose typologies and socio-structural determinants among overdose decedents in Cook County, Illinois, from 2017 to 2022. Methods. Decedents' addresses were geocoded and aggregated to census tract level (n = 1331). We conducted latent profile analysis to identify census tract profiles based on overdose fatality rates per 1000 census tract population across 9 drug types (alcohol, fentanyl, prescription opioids, heroin, cocaine, benzodiazepines, xylazine, methamphetamine/amphetamine, and other drugs). We used Bayesian spatial multinomial logistic regression to determine what census tract socio-structural determinants could predict polysubstance profile membership. Results. Three clusters of polysubstance use—low, moderate, and high—emerged with fentanyl, cocaine, and heroin dominating all clusters. In the adjusted model, census tracts with lower median household income were associated with increased odds of belonging to the moderate polysubstance use profile (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90; 95% Bayesian credible interval [CrI] = 0.85, 0.96) compared with the referent group. Also, census tracts with high Black isolation (quartile 4: OR = 2.93; 95% CrI = 1.44, 6.02) and higher population density (OR = 1.24; 95% CrI = 1.13, 1.37) were more likely to belong in the high polysubstance use profiles. Conclusions. Findings support the need for targeted resources tailored for particular neighborhoods. (Am J Public Health. 2026;116(8):1210–1219. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2026.308446) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.2105/AJPH.2026.308446
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1210
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Drug overdose
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Substance abuse
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cocaine
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      – SubjectFull: Social determinants of health
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Residential patterns
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      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic factors
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      – SubjectFull: Census
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      – SubjectFull: Probability theory
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      – SubjectFull: Logistic regression analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Population geography
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Global Positioning System
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      – SubjectFull: Heroin
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      – SubjectFull: Odds ratio
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Drugs of abuse
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      – SubjectFull: Fentanyl
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Illinois
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: An Epidemic of Complexity: Polysubstance Use Fatal Overdose Typologies Across Cook County, Illinois, Neighborhoods, 2017‒2022.
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              Text: Aug2026
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              Y: 2026
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