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Beyond the 90 Reserved Days for Each Parent: Associations Between Fathers' Parental Leave Duration and Depression Symptoms in a Swedish National Cohort Study.

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Title: Beyond the 90 Reserved Days for Each Parent: Associations Between Fathers' Parental Leave Duration and Depression Symptoms in a Swedish National Cohort Study.
Authors: Wang, Jingyi (AUTHOR), Wells, Michael B. (AUTHOR)
Source: American Journal of Public Health. Aug2026, Vol. 116 Issue 8, p1121-1129. 9p.
Subjects: Prevention of mental depression, Mental depression risk factors, Risk assessment, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Psychology of fathers, Research funding, Income, Parental leave, Fathers' attitudes, Logistic regression analysis, Questionnaires, Parenthood, Descriptive statistics, Longitudinal method, Infant care, Odds ratio, Parent-infant relationships, Sociodemographic factors, Confidence intervals, Psychological tests, Data analysis software, Time, Co-parents, Mental depression, Regression analysis
Geographic Terms: Sweden
Abstract: Objectives. To examine whether paternal leave duration is associated with fathers' depression. Methods. Data from 746 Swedish fathers of children aged 0 to 24 months participated in a national cohort during December 2021 through February 2022 and were followed up 18 months later (July 2023 to January 2024). Fathers reported their depression at both waves and leave duration at follow-up. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between leave duration and depression at follow-up after adjustment for baseline depression, maternal leave, sociodemographic factors, coparenting, bonding, and child health care engagement. Results. Fathers taking 14 to 40 weeks of parental leave had lower odds of depression (adjusted odds ratio = 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.22, 0.82) than fathers taking 0 to 4 weeks of leave; predicted probabilities were 0.25 (95% CI = 0.15, 0.37) versus 0.12 (95% CI = 0.09, 0.16). No significant benefit was observed for 5 to 13 or 41 or more weeks of leave. Conclusions. Taking parental leave beyond the reserved 90 days appears to protect fathers' mental health, positioning leave duration as a structural determinant of men's health. Public Health Implications. Encouraging fathers to take longer parental leave could be a population-level strategy to reduce depression risk and promote family well-being. (Am J Public Health. 2026;116(8):1121–1129. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2026.308589) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Beyond the 90 Reserved Days for Each Parent: Associations Between Fathers' Parental Leave Duration and Depression Symptoms in a Swedish National Cohort Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Jingyi%22">Wang, Jingyi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wells%2C+Michael+B%2E%22">Wells, Michael B.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22American+Journal+of+Public+Health%22">American Journal of Public Health</searchLink>. Aug2026, Vol. 116 Issue 8, p1121-1129. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prevention+of+mental+depression%22">Prevention of mental depression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+depression+risk+factors%22">Mental depression risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+assessment%22">Risk assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Edinburgh+Postnatal+Depression+Scale%22">Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychology+of+fathers%22">Psychology of fathers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Income%22">Income</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parental+leave%22">Parental leave</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fathers'+attitudes%22">Fathers' attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logistic+regression+analysis%22">Logistic regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parenthood%22">Parenthood</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infant+care%22">Infant care</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parent-infant+relationships%22">Parent-infant relationships</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sociodemographic+factors%22">Sociodemographic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+tests%22">Psychological tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time%22">Time</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Co-parents%22">Co-parents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+depression%22">Mental depression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sweden%22">Sweden</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objectives. To examine whether paternal leave duration is associated with fathers' depression. Methods. Data from 746 Swedish fathers of children aged 0 to 24 months participated in a national cohort during December 2021 through February 2022 and were followed up 18 months later (July 2023 to January 2024). Fathers reported their depression at both waves and leave duration at follow-up. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between leave duration and depression at follow-up after adjustment for baseline depression, maternal leave, sociodemographic factors, coparenting, bonding, and child health care engagement. Results. Fathers taking 14 to 40 weeks of parental leave had lower odds of depression (adjusted odds ratio = 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.22, 0.82) than fathers taking 0 to 4 weeks of leave; predicted probabilities were 0.25 (95% CI = 0.15, 0.37) versus 0.12 (95% CI = 0.09, 0.16). No significant benefit was observed for 5 to 13 or 41 or more weeks of leave. Conclusions. Taking parental leave beyond the reserved 90 days appears to protect fathers' mental health, positioning leave duration as a structural determinant of men's health. Public Health Implications. Encouraging fathers to take longer parental leave could be a population-level strategy to reduce depression risk and promote family well-being. (Am J Public Health. 2026;116(8):1121–1129. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2026.308589) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.2105/AJPH.2026.308589
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 1121
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Prevention of mental depression
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental depression risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychology of fathers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Income
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parental leave
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fathers' attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Logistic regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parenthood
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Infant care
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Odds ratio
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parent-infant relationships
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sociodemographic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Time
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Co-parents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental depression
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sweden
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Beyond the 90 Reserved Days for Each Parent: Associations Between Fathers' Parental Leave Duration and Depression Symptoms in a Swedish National Cohort Study.
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            NameFull: Wang, Jingyi
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            NameFull: Wells, Michael B.
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            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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