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Cognitive and Motor Creativity in the Same Task Environment: An Exploratory Study in Pool.

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Title: Cognitive and Motor Creativity in the Same Task Environment: An Exploratory Study in Pool.
Authors: Moraru, Alexander (AUTHOR), Mehta, Saumya (AUTHOR), Rein, Robert (AUTHOR), Noel, Ben (AUTHOR), van der Kamp, John (AUTHOR), Memmert, Daniel (AUTHOR)
Source: Creativity Research Journal. Jul-Sep2026, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p515-527. 13p.
Subjects: Divergent thinking, Pool (Game), Creative ability, Motor ability
Abstract: Originality as well as appropriateness are necessary criteria for an idea or action to be creative. However, when investigating creativity, especially when divergent thinking tasks are used, it is not common to include a measure of appropriateness. We show that this may lead to a biased depiction of individual differences in generating creative ideas or actions. We devised a task that participants performed as divergent thinking (i.e. a cognitive task) and divergent doing (a motor task). The task involved game situations in the sport of pool. It was expected that the disparity between the cognitive and motor solutions would be enhanced in novices compared to experts as the cognitive task may be relatively under-constrained with respect to appropriateness for novices but not for experts, who likely have internalized the constraint through practice. Results show that when appropriateness is not considered, novices and experts perform equally creative in the cognitive task, and experts are only more creative in the motor task as reflected in originality and fluency scores. However, when appropriateness is being accounted for, experts were more creative than novices in the cognitive task, just as they were on the motor task. Consequently, the results suggest that a pertinent distinction between divergent doing and divergent thinking is the extent to which they are constrained by appropriateness. In addition, the findings underscore the relevance of appropriateness in understanding creative performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Creativity Research Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Cognitive and Motor Creativity in the Same Task Environment: An Exploratory Study in Pool.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Moraru%2C+Alexander%22">Moraru, Alexander</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mehta%2C+Saumya%22">Mehta, Saumya</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rein%2C+Robert%22">Rein, Robert</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Noel%2C+Ben%22">Noel, Ben</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+der+Kamp%2C+John%22">van der Kamp, John</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Memmert%2C+Daniel%22">Memmert, Daniel</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Creativity+Research+Journal%22">Creativity Research Journal</searchLink>. Jul-Sep2026, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p515-527. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Divergent+thinking%22">Divergent thinking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pool+%28Game%29%22">Pool (Game)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Creative+ability%22">Creative ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motor+ability%22">Motor ability</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Originality as well as appropriateness are necessary criteria for an idea or action to be creative. However, when investigating creativity, especially when divergent thinking tasks are used, it is not common to include a measure of appropriateness. We show that this may lead to a biased depiction of individual differences in generating creative ideas or actions. We devised a task that participants performed as divergent thinking (i.e. a cognitive task) and divergent doing (a motor task). The task involved game situations in the sport of pool. It was expected that the disparity between the cognitive and motor solutions would be enhanced in novices compared to experts as the cognitive task may be relatively under-constrained with respect to appropriateness for novices but not for experts, who likely have internalized the constraint through practice. Results show that when appropriateness is not considered, novices and experts perform equally creative in the cognitive task, and experts are only more creative in the motor task as reflected in originality and fluency scores. However, when appropriateness is being accounted for, experts were more creative than novices in the cognitive task, just as they were on the motor task. Consequently, the results suggest that a pertinent distinction between divergent doing and divergent thinking is the extent to which they are constrained by appropriateness. In addition, the findings underscore the relevance of appropriateness in understanding creative performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Creativity Research Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=195517144
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        Value: 10.1080/10400419.2025.2471721
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 13
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pool (Game)
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      – SubjectFull: Creative ability
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      – SubjectFull: Motor ability
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              Text: Jul-Sep2026
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              Y: 2026
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