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Redirecting wet–interfacial redox pathways for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells.

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Title: Redirecting wet–interfacial redox pathways for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells.
Authors: Liang, Zheng (AUTHOR), Liu, Boyuan (AUTHOR), Li, Yuelong (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yalan (AUTHOR), Yang, Yi (AUTHOR), Cheng, Shengbin (AUTHOR), Ma, Linchuan (AUTHOR), Tu, Bao (AUTHOR), Liu, Hua-Chao (AUTHOR), Xu, Huifen (AUTHOR), Bao, Yuqi (AUTHOR), Fan, Minghui (AUTHOR), Zhu, Peide (AUTHOR), Zhang, Xianfu (AUTHOR), Li, Congqi (AUTHOR), Zhang, Hui (AUTHOR), Zhang, Xinyuan (AUTHOR), Li, Yuheng (AUTHOR), Chen, Guodong (AUTHOR), Liu, Cheng (AUTHOR)
Source: Science. 8/20/2026, Vol. 393 Issue 6813, p800-806. 7p.
Subjects: Oxidation-reduction reaction, Dimethyl sulfoxide, Solar cell efficiency, Durability, Solar cells, Surface coatings, Hydrazides, Photovoltaic power generation
Abstract: Carbazole-based phosphonic acid self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are essential for high-efficiency p-i-n perovskite solar cells. However, during processing, these SAMs inevitably contact perovskite inks, where their acidity triggers a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-mediated iodide redox reaction that imprints device performance, representing a universal bottleneck for inverted devices. We resolve this SAM-triggered redox mechanism and introduce chemistry-matched hydrazide additives to mitigate the degradation. These additives abrogate DMSO activation and redirect unwanted by-products toward benign hydrazide–formamidinium adducts. Consequently, we achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 27.7% (certified 27.4%) in small-area (0.06 cm2) cells and 20.1% in 2.0 m2 modules, along with T95 lifetimes of ~2000 hours of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) at 85°C and ~1500 hours MPPT at 85°C and 85% relative humidity. Editor's summary: Conjugated hydrazide additives limit the adverse effect of protons from hole-selective contacts with perovskite inks. Liang et al. found that the acidity of carbazole-based phosphonic self-assembled monolayers triggered detrimental iodide redox reactions mediated by the dimethyl sulfoxide used in perovskite precursors. Hydrazine additives suppressed this reaction and created benign adducts with formamidinium cations. Certified power conversion efficiencies of 27.4% were achieved in small-area cells, and unencapsulated devices retained 95% of their efficiency after about 1500 hours of maximum power point tracking at 85°C and 85% relative humidity. —Phil Szuromi [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Group: Ti
  Data: Redirecting wet–interfacial redox pathways for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liang%2C+Zheng%22">Liang, Zheng</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Boyuan%22">Liu, Boyuan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Yuelong%22">Li, Yuelong</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Yalan%22">Zhang, Yalan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Yi%22">Yang, Yi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cheng%2C+Shengbin%22">Cheng, Shengbin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Linchuan%22">Ma, Linchuan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tu%2C+Bao%22">Tu, Bao</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Hua-Chao%22">Liu, Hua-Chao</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Huifen%22">Xu, Huifen</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bao%2C+Yuqi%22">Bao, Yuqi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fan%2C+Minghui%22">Fan, Minghui</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Peide%22">Zhu, Peide</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Xianfu%22">Zhang, Xianfu</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Congqi%22">Li, Congqi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Hui%22">Zhang, Hui</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Xinyuan%22">Zhang, Xinyuan</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Yuheng%22">Li, Yuheng</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Guodong%22">Chen, Guodong</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Cheng%22">Liu, Cheng</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science%22">Science</searchLink>. 8/20/2026, Vol. 393 Issue 6813, p800-806. 7p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxidation-reduction+reaction%22">Oxidation-reduction reaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dimethyl+sulfoxide%22">Dimethyl sulfoxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+cell+efficiency%22">Solar cell efficiency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Durability%22">Durability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+cells%22">Solar cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+coatings%22">Surface coatings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrazides%22">Hydrazides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photovoltaic+power+generation%22">Photovoltaic power generation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Carbazole-based phosphonic acid self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are essential for high-efficiency p-i-n perovskite solar cells. However, during processing, these SAMs inevitably contact perovskite inks, where their acidity triggers a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-mediated iodide redox reaction that imprints device performance, representing a universal bottleneck for inverted devices. We resolve this SAM-triggered redox mechanism and introduce chemistry-matched hydrazide additives to mitigate the degradation. These additives abrogate DMSO activation and redirect unwanted by-products toward benign hydrazide–formamidinium adducts. Consequently, we achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 27.7% (certified 27.4%) in small-area (0.06 cm2) cells and 20.1% in 2.0 m2 modules, along with T95 lifetimes of ~2000 hours of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) at 85°C and ~1500 hours MPPT at 85°C and 85% relative humidity. Editor's summary: Conjugated hydrazide additives limit the adverse effect of protons from hole-selective contacts with perovskite inks. Liang et al. found that the acidity of carbazole-based phosphonic self-assembled monolayers triggered detrimental iodide redox reactions mediated by the dimethyl sulfoxide used in perovskite precursors. Hydrazine additives suppressed this reaction and created benign adducts with formamidinium cations. Certified power conversion efficiencies of 27.4% were achieved in small-area cells, and unencapsulated devices retained 95% of their efficiency after about 1500 hours of maximum power point tracking at 85°C and 85% relative humidity. —Phil Szuromi [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1126/science.aeg8415
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 7
        StartPage: 800
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      – SubjectFull: Oxidation-reduction reaction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dimethyl sulfoxide
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      – SubjectFull: Solar cell efficiency
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      – SubjectFull: Durability
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      – SubjectFull: Solar cells
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      – SubjectFull: Surface coatings
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      – SubjectFull: Hydrazides
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      – SubjectFull: Photovoltaic power generation
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              Text: 8/20/2026
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