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Prevalence and genetic and environmental influences on anxiety disorders in 6-year-old twins.

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Title: Prevalence and genetic and environmental influences on anxiety disorders in 6-year-old twins.
Authors: DEREK BOLTON, THALIA C. ELEY, THOMAS G. O'CONNOR, SEAN PERRIN, SOPHIA RABE-HESKETH, FRÜHLING RIJSDIJK, PATRICK SMITH
Source: Psychological Medicine. Mar2006, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p335-344. 10p.
Subjects: Anxiety disorders, Neuroses, Nature & nurture, Child psychology, Twins
Abstract: Background. Prevalence of childhood anxiety disorders at specific ages and genetic etiological influences on anxiety disorders in young children have been little studied. The present study reports prevalence estimates in a community sample of 6-year-old twins, and patterns of genetic and environmental influences on these early-onset anxiety disorders.Method. Using a two-phase design 4662 twin-pairs were sampled and 854 pairs were assessed in the second phase by maternal-informant diagnostic interview using DSM-IV criteria.Results. The most common conditions were separation anxiety disorder (SAD) [2·8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·1–3·8, for current disorder] and specific phobia (10·8%, 95% CI 8·4–13·6, for current disorder). Behavioral genetic modeling was feasible for these two conditions, applied to two phenotypes: symptom syndrome (regardless of impairment) and the narrower one of diagnostic status (symptom syndrome with associated impairment). The heritability estimate for SAD diagnostic status was high, 73%, with remaining variance attributed to non-shared environment. The heritability estimates for specific phobia were also high, 80% for the symptom syndrome and 60% for diagnostic status, with remaining variance attributed in both cases to non-shared environment.Conclusions. Compared with previous epidemiological surveys of children and adolescents in wide age-bands, the current estimates suggest that rates of anxiety disorders assessed in young childhood are generally at least as high and perhaps higher compared with those found in older children. The heritability estimates suggest that the genetic effects on these early-onset anxiety disorders are substantial and more significant than environmental effects, whether shared or non-shared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
An: 19721187
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Prevalence and genetic and environmental influences on anxiety disorders in 6-year-old twins.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22DEREK+BOLTON%22">DEREK BOLTON</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22THALIA+C%2E+ELEY%22">THALIA C. ELEY</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22THOMAS+G%2E+O'CONNOR%22">THOMAS G. O'CONNOR</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22SEAN+PERRIN%22">SEAN PERRIN</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22SOPHIA+RABE-HESKETH%22">SOPHIA RABE-HESKETH</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22FRÜHLING+RIJSDIJK%22">FRÜHLING RIJSDIJK</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22PATRICK+SMITH%22">PATRICK SMITH</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Mar2006, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p335-344. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety+disorders%22">Anxiety disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neuroses%22">Neuroses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nature+%26+nurture%22">Nature & nurture</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+psychology%22">Child psychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Twins%22">Twins</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background. Prevalence of childhood anxiety disorders at specific ages and genetic etiological influences on anxiety disorders in young children have been little studied. The present study reports prevalence estimates in a community sample of 6-year-old twins, and patterns of genetic and environmental influences on these early-onset anxiety disorders.Method. Using a two-phase design 4662 twin-pairs were sampled and 854 pairs were assessed in the second phase by maternal-informant diagnostic interview using DSM-IV criteria.Results. The most common conditions were separation anxiety disorder (SAD) [2·8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·1–3·8, for current disorder] and specific phobia (10·8%, 95% CI 8·4–13·6, for current disorder). Behavioral genetic modeling was feasible for these two conditions, applied to two phenotypes: symptom syndrome (regardless of impairment) and the narrower one of diagnostic status (symptom syndrome with associated impairment). The heritability estimate for SAD diagnostic status was high, 73%, with remaining variance attributed to non-shared environment. The heritability estimates for specific phobia were also high, 80% for the symptom syndrome and 60% for diagnostic status, with remaining variance attributed in both cases to non-shared environment.Conclusions. Compared with previous epidemiological surveys of children and adolescents in wide age-bands, the current estimates suggest that rates of anxiety disorders assessed in young childhood are generally at least as high and perhaps higher compared with those found in older children. The heritability estimates suggest that the genetic effects on these early-onset anxiety disorders are substantial and more significant than environmental effects, whether shared or non-shared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Mar2006
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