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Classification, measurement, and antecedents of users' cyber-incivility on social media.

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Title: Classification, measurement, and antecedents of users' cyber-incivility on social media.
Authors: Guo, Xiya (AUTHOR), Jin, Jiahua (AUTHOR), Li, Xixi (AUTHOR), Yan, Xiangbin (AUTHOR), Zhang, Dongsong (AUTHOR)
Source: Behaviour & Information Technology. Oct2026, Vol. 45 Issue 17, p3993-4011. 19p.
Subjects: Social media, Cross-sectional method, Cyberbullying, Research funding, Motivation (Psychology), Interpersonal relations, Offensive behavior
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: Incivility, a low-intensity deviant behaviour with ambiguous intent to harm the victim and violating the norm of mutual respect, is prevalent on social media and may escalate into severe forms during interpersonal interactions. To better understand this phenomenon, we introduce a concept of cyber-incivility on social media (CISM), aiming to operationalise it and understand the motivations behind such a user behaviour. Toward this end, we first identified four types of CISM based on descriptions provided by study participants and further operationalised the concept into a second-order reflective structure encompassing rights-related behaviour, disrespectful content and exclusive behaviour. Based on deterrence theory, we applied this operationalised scale in an empirical study. Results reveal that the negative attitudes of users toward CISM directly inhibits them from initiating it, whereas face-saving and average daily platform usage have opposite effects on their intention to initiate CISM. Furthermore, severe and certain deterrence policies, as well as making participants aware that CISM is not approved by others (i.e., subjective norm), indirectly affect their decisions to initiate such behaviour through their attitudes. This study contributes to the understanding of online deviant behaviors and offers valuable insights for social media content management and regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Behaviour & Information Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
FullText Text:
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  Data: Classification, measurement, and antecedents of users' cyber-incivility on social media.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guo%2C+Xiya%22">Guo, Xiya</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jin%2C+Jiahua%22">Jin, Jiahua</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Xixi%22">Li, Xixi</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yan%2C+Xiangbin%22">Yan, Xiangbin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Dongsong%22">Zhang, Dongsong</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Behaviour+%26+Information+Technology%22">Behaviour & Information Technology</searchLink>. Oct2026, Vol. 45 Issue 17, p3993-4011. 19p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+media%22">Social media</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cyberbullying%22">Cyberbullying</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motivation+%28Psychology%29%22">Motivation (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interpersonal+relations%22">Interpersonal relations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Offensive+behavior%22">Offensive behavior</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Incivility, a low-intensity deviant behaviour with ambiguous intent to harm the victim and violating the norm of mutual respect, is prevalent on social media and may escalate into severe forms during interpersonal interactions. To better understand this phenomenon, we introduce a concept of cyber-incivility on social media (CISM), aiming to operationalise it and understand the motivations behind such a user behaviour. Toward this end, we first identified four types of CISM based on descriptions provided by study participants and further operationalised the concept into a second-order reflective structure encompassing rights-related behaviour, disrespectful content and exclusive behaviour. Based on deterrence theory, we applied this operationalised scale in an empirical study. Results reveal that the negative attitudes of users toward CISM directly inhibits them from initiating it, whereas face-saving and average daily platform usage have opposite effects on their intention to initiate CISM. Furthermore, severe and certain deterrence policies, as well as making participants aware that CISM is not approved by others (i.e., subjective norm), indirectly affect their decisions to initiate such behaviour through their attitudes. This study contributes to the understanding of online deviant behaviors and offers valuable insights for social media content management and regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Behaviour & Information Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=197823024
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        Value: 10.1080/0144929X.2026.2623945
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Cyberbullying
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      – SubjectFull: Offensive behavior
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      – SubjectFull: United States
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              Text: Oct2026
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