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Vega is a rapidly rotating star.

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Title: Vega is a rapidly rotating star.
Authors: Peterson, D. M., Hummel, C. A., Pauls, T. A., Armstrong, J. T., Benson, J. A., Gilbreath, G. C., Hindsley, R. B., Hutter, D. J., Johnston, K. J., Mozurkewich, D., Schmitt, H. R.
Source: Nature. 4/13/2006, Vol. 440 Issue 7086, p896-899. 4p. 2 Charts, 2 Graphs.
Subjects: Stellar spectra, Hydrogen, Optics, Interferometry, Heavy elements, Astronomical observations, Atmosphere
Abstract: Vega, the second brightest star in the northern hemisphere, serves as a primary spectral type standard. Although its spectrum is dominated by broad hydrogen lines, the narrower lines of the heavy elements suggested slow to moderate rotation, giving confidence that the ground-based calibration of its visible spectrum could be safely extrapolated into the ultraviolet and near-infrared (through atmosphere models), where it also serves as the primary photometric calibrator. But there have been problems: the star is too bright compared to its peers and it has unusually shaped absorption line profiles, leading some to suggest that it is a distorted, rapidly rotating star seen pole-on. Here we report optical interferometric observations that show that Vega has the asymmetric brightness distribution of the bright, slightly offset polar axis of a star rotating at 93 per cent of its breakup speed. In addition to explaining the unusual brightness and line shape peculiarities, this result leads to the prediction of an excess of near-infrared emission compared to the visible, in agreement with observations. The large temperature differences predicted across its surface call into question composition determinations, adding uncertainty to Vega's age and opening the possibility that its debris disk could be substantially older than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Vega is a rapidly rotating star.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peterson%2C+D%2E+M%2E%22">Peterson, D. M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hummel%2C+C%2E+A%2E%22">Hummel, C. A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pauls%2C+T%2E+A%2E%22">Pauls, T. A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Armstrong%2C+J%2E+T%2E%22">Armstrong, J. T.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Benson%2C+J%2E+A%2E%22">Benson, J. A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gilbreath%2C+G%2E+C%2E%22">Gilbreath, G. C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hindsley%2C+R%2E+B%2E%22">Hindsley, R. B.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hutter%2C+D%2E+J%2E%22">Hutter, D. J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Johnston%2C+K%2E+J%2E%22">Johnston, K. J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mozurkewich%2C+D%2E%22">Mozurkewich, D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schmitt%2C+H%2E+R%2E%22">Schmitt, H. R.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nature%22">Nature</searchLink>. 4/13/2006, Vol. 440 Issue 7086, p896-899. 4p. 2 Charts, 2 Graphs.
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  Data: Vega, the second brightest star in the northern hemisphere, serves as a primary spectral type standard. Although its spectrum is dominated by broad hydrogen lines, the narrower lines of the heavy elements suggested slow to moderate rotation, giving confidence that the ground-based calibration of its visible spectrum could be safely extrapolated into the ultraviolet and near-infrared (through atmosphere models), where it also serves as the primary photometric calibrator. But there have been problems: the star is too bright compared to its peers and it has unusually shaped absorption line profiles, leading some to suggest that it is a distorted, rapidly rotating star seen pole-on. Here we report optical interferometric observations that show that Vega has the asymmetric brightness distribution of the bright, slightly offset polar axis of a star rotating at 93 per cent of its breakup speed. In addition to explaining the unusual brightness and line shape peculiarities, this result leads to the prediction of an excess of near-infrared emission compared to the visible, in agreement with observations. The large temperature differences predicted across its surface call into question composition determinations, adding uncertainty to Vega's age and opening the possibility that its debris disk could be substantially older than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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