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Host Immune System Gene Targeting by a Viral miRNA.

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Title: Host Immune System Gene Targeting by a Viral miRNA.
Authors: Stern-Ginossar, Noam, Elefant, Naama, Zimmermann, Albert, Wolf, Dana G., Saleh, Nivin, Biton, Moshe, Horwitz, Elad, Prokocimer, Zafnat, Prichard, Mark, Hahn, Gabriele, Goldman-Wohl, Debra, Greenfield, Caryn, Yagel, Simcha, Hengel, Hartmut, Altuvia, Yael, Margalit, Hanah, Mandetboim, Ofer
Source: Science (pre-March 2025). 7/20/2007, Vol. 317 Issue 5836, p376-381. 6p.
Subjects: Immune system, RNA, Killer cells, Cells, Herpesviruses, DNA viruses, Cytomegaloviruses, Genes, Cell receptors, Algorithms
Abstract: Virally encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been discovered in herpesviruses. However, their biological roles are mostly unknown. We developed an algorithm for the prediction of miRNA targets and applied it to human cytomegalovirus miRNAs, resulting in the identification of the major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain B (MICB) gene as a top candidate target of hcmv-miR-UL112. MICB is a stress-induced ligand of the natural killer (NK) cell activating receptor NKG2D and is critical for the NK cell killing of virus-infected cells and tumor cells. We show that hcmv-miR-UL112 specifically down-regulates MICB expression during viral infection, leading to decreased binding of NKG2D and reduced killing by NK cells. Our results reveal a miRNA-based immunoevasion mechanism that appears to be exploited by human cytomegalovirus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science (pre-March 2025) is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Host Immune System Gene Targeting by a Viral miRNA.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stern-Ginossar%2C+Noam%22">Stern-Ginossar, Noam</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elefant%2C+Naama%22">Elefant, Naama</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zimmermann%2C+Albert%22">Zimmermann, Albert</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wolf%2C+Dana+G%2E%22">Wolf, Dana G.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saleh%2C+Nivin%22">Saleh, Nivin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Biton%2C+Moshe%22">Biton, Moshe</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Horwitz%2C+Elad%22">Horwitz, Elad</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Prokocimer%2C+Zafnat%22">Prokocimer, Zafnat</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Prichard%2C+Mark%22">Prichard, Mark</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hahn%2C+Gabriele%22">Hahn, Gabriele</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Goldman-Wohl%2C+Debra%22">Goldman-Wohl, Debra</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Greenfield%2C+Caryn%22">Greenfield, Caryn</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yagel%2C+Simcha%22">Yagel, Simcha</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hengel%2C+Hartmut%22">Hengel, Hartmut</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Altuvia%2C+Yael%22">Altuvia, Yael</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Margalit%2C+Hanah%22">Margalit, Hanah</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mandetboim%2C+Ofer%22">Mandetboim, Ofer</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science+%28pre-March+2025%29%22">Science (pre-March 2025)</searchLink>. 7/20/2007, Vol. 317 Issue 5836, p376-381. 6p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Immune+system%22">Immune system</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22RNA%22">RNA</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Killer+cells%22">Killer cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cells%22">Cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Herpesviruses%22">Herpesviruses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DNA+viruses%22">DNA viruses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cytomegaloviruses%22">Cytomegaloviruses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genes%22">Genes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cell+receptors%22">Cell receptors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Algorithms%22">Algorithms</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Virally encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been discovered in herpesviruses. However, their biological roles are mostly unknown. We developed an algorithm for the prediction of miRNA targets and applied it to human cytomegalovirus miRNAs, resulting in the identification of the major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain B (MICB) gene as a top candidate target of hcmv-miR-UL112. MICB is a stress-induced ligand of the natural killer (NK) cell activating receptor NKG2D and is critical for the NK cell killing of virus-infected cells and tumor cells. We show that hcmv-miR-UL112 specifically down-regulates MICB expression during viral infection, leading to decreased binding of NKG2D and reduced killing by NK cells. Our results reveal a miRNA-based immunoevasion mechanism that appears to be exploited by human cytomegalovirus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Science (pre-March 2025) is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=26019157
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        Value: 10.1126/science.1140956
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Immune system
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: RNA
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      – SubjectFull: Killer cells
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