The Neural Substrates of Visual Perceptual Learning of Words: Implications for the Visual Word Form Area Hypothesis.
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| Title: | The Neural Substrates of Visual Perceptual Learning of Words: Implications for the Visual Word Form Area Hypothesis. |
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| Authors: | Gui Xue, Poldrack, Russell A. |
| Source: | Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. Oct2007, Vol. 19 Issue 10, p1643-1655. 13p. 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 5 Graphs. |
| Subjects: | Perceptual motor learning, Magnetic resonance imaging, Noise, Visual learning, Sensitivity (Personality trait), Systemic memory hypothesis |
| Abstract: | It remains under debate whether the fusiform visual word form area (VWFA) is specific to visual word form and whether visual expertise increases its sensitivity (Xue et al., 2006; Cohen et al., 2002). The present study examined three related issues: (1) whether the VWFA is also involved in processing foreign writing that significantly differs from the native one, (2) the effect of visual word form training on VWFA activation after controlling the task difficulty, and (3) the transfer of visual word form learning. Eleven native English speakers were trained, during five sessions, to judge whether two subsequently flashed (100-msec duration with 200-msec interval) foreign characters (i.e., Korean Hangul) were identical or not. Visual noise was added to the stimuli to manipulate task difficulty. In functional magnetic resonance imaging scans before and after training, subjects performed the task once with the same noise level (i.e., parameter-matched scan) and once with noise level changed to match performance from pretraining to posttraining (i.e., performance-matched scan). Results indicated that training increased the accuracy in parameter-matched condition but remained constant in performance-matched condition (because of increasing task difficulty). Pretraining scans revealed stronger activation for English words than for Korean characters in the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left inferior frontal cortex, but not in the VWFA. Visual word form training significantly decreased the activation in the bilateral middle and left posterior fusiform when either parameters or performance were matched and for both trained and new items. These results confirm our conjecture that the VWFA is not dedicated to words, and visual expertise acquired with training reduces rather than increases its activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 26613023 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: The Neural Substrates of Visual Perceptual Learning of Words: Implications for the Visual Word Form Area Hypothesis. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gui+Xue%22">Gui Xue</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Poldrack%2C+Russell+A%2E%22">Poldrack, Russell A.</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Cognitive+Neuroscience%22">Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience</searchLink>. Oct2007, Vol. 19 Issue 10, p1643-1655. 13p. 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 5 Graphs. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Perceptual+motor+learning%22">Perceptual motor learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">Magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Noise%22">Noise</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+learning%22">Visual learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sensitivity+%28Personality+trait%29%22">Sensitivity (Personality trait)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Systemic+memory+hypothesis%22">Systemic memory hypothesis</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: It remains under debate whether the fusiform visual word form area (VWFA) is specific to visual word form and whether visual expertise increases its sensitivity (Xue et al., 2006; Cohen et al., 2002). The present study examined three related issues: (1) whether the VWFA is also involved in processing foreign writing that significantly differs from the native one, (2) the effect of visual word form training on VWFA activation after controlling the task difficulty, and (3) the transfer of visual word form learning. Eleven native English speakers were trained, during five sessions, to judge whether two subsequently flashed (100-msec duration with 200-msec interval) foreign characters (i.e., Korean Hangul) were identical or not. Visual noise was added to the stimuli to manipulate task difficulty. In functional magnetic resonance imaging scans before and after training, subjects performed the task once with the same noise level (i.e., parameter-matched scan) and once with noise level changed to match performance from pretraining to posttraining (i.e., performance-matched scan). Results indicated that training increased the accuracy in parameter-matched condition but remained constant in performance-matched condition (because of increasing task difficulty). Pretraining scans revealed stronger activation for English words than for Korean characters in the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left inferior frontal cortex, but not in the VWFA. Visual word form training significantly decreased the activation in the bilateral middle and left posterior fusiform when either parameters or performance were matched and for both trained and new items. These results confirm our conjecture that the VWFA is not dedicated to words, and visual expertise acquired with training reduces rather than increases its activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.10.1643 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 13 StartPage: 1643 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Perceptual motor learning Type: general – SubjectFull: Magnetic resonance imaging Type: general – SubjectFull: Noise Type: general – SubjectFull: Visual learning Type: general – SubjectFull: Sensitivity (Personality trait) Type: general – SubjectFull: Systemic memory hypothesis Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: The Neural Substrates of Visual Perceptual Learning of Words: Implications for the Visual Word Form Area Hypothesis. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gui Xue – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Poldrack, Russell A. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 10 Text: Oct2007 Type: published Y: 2007 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 0898929X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 19 – Type: issue Value: 10 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
