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Can an 18-point clock-drawing scoring system predict dementia in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment?

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Title: Can an 18-point clock-drawing scoring system predict dementia in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment?
Authors: Babins, Lennie (AUTHOR), Slater, Marie-Eve (AUTHOR), Whitehead, Victor (AUTHOR), Chertkow, Howard (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology. Feb2008, Vol. 30 Issue 2, p173-186. 14p. 5 Charts, 2 Graphs.
Subjects: Dementia, Psychoses, Cognition disorders, Neurobehavioral disorders, Alzheimer's disease, Diseases in older people
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a clock-drawing scoring system better suited to detecting possible early markers of dementia in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We modified the scoring system of Freedman et al. (1994), in which the major components are integrity of the circle, placement and size of the hands, and placement and sequence of the numbers. We rescored the clock-drawing test using a novel 18-point scoring system, which emphasizes hand elements - number of hands, direction indicated, and size differences. We retrospectively assessed 123 individuals (ages 58-88 years) selected from the Memory Clinic at the Jewish General Hospital in Montreal. These consisted of 21 normal elderly individuals (NORM group), 41 participants with mild cognitive impairment who did not develop dementia on follow-up visits (MCI-NP), 41 participants with mild cognitive impairment who became demented after a 48-month follow-up (MCI-D), and 20 participants diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). On the 18-point system, the MCI-NP and the MCI-D did not show any difference on overall total score (p = .166), However, using Pearson chi-squares to examine the within-categories effects comparing the mildly cognitively impaired groups (MCI-NP and MCI-D), there were three significant hand items that appear to be possible early markers of progression to dementia. The clock has two hands (p = .043), hour hand is towards correct number (p = .023), and size difference of the hands is respected (p = .004), all showed significant differences between progressors and nonprogressors. The 18-point clock-drawing scoring system may have advantages in better indicating MCI individuals more likely to progress to dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Can an 18-point clock-drawing scoring system predict dementia in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Babins%2C+Lennie%22">Babins, Lennie</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Slater%2C+Marie-Eve%22">Slater, Marie-Eve</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Whitehead%2C+Victor%22">Whitehead, Victor</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chertkow%2C+Howard%22">Chertkow, Howard</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Clinical+%26+Experimental+Neuropsychology%22">Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology</searchLink>. Feb2008, Vol. 30 Issue 2, p173-186. 14p. 5 Charts, 2 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dementia%22">Dementia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychoses%22">Psychoses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition+disorders%22">Cognition disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurobehavioral+disorders%22">Neurobehavioral disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alzheimer's+disease%22">Alzheimer's disease</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diseases+in+older+people%22">Diseases in older people</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The purpose of this study was to develop a clock-drawing scoring system better suited to detecting possible early markers of dementia in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We modified the scoring system of Freedman et al. (1994), in which the major components are integrity of the circle, placement and size of the hands, and placement and sequence of the numbers. We rescored the clock-drawing test using a novel 18-point scoring system, which emphasizes hand elements - number of hands, direction indicated, and size differences. We retrospectively assessed 123 individuals (ages 58-88 years) selected from the Memory Clinic at the Jewish General Hospital in Montreal. These consisted of 21 normal elderly individuals (NORM group), 41 participants with mild cognitive impairment who did not develop dementia on follow-up visits (MCI-NP), 41 participants with mild cognitive impairment who became demented after a 48-month follow-up (MCI-D), and 20 participants diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). On the 18-point system, the MCI-NP and the MCI-D did not show any difference on overall total score (p = .166), However, using Pearson chi-squares to examine the within-categories effects comparing the mildly cognitively impaired groups (MCI-NP and MCI-D), there were three significant hand items that appear to be possible early markers of progression to dementia. The clock has two hands (p = .043), hour hand is towards correct number (p = .023), and size difference of the hands is respected (p = .004), all showed significant differences between progressors and nonprogressors. The 18-point clock-drawing scoring system may have advantages in better indicating MCI individuals more likely to progress to dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/13803390701336411
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
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      – SubjectFull: Psychoses
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      – SubjectFull: Cognition disorders
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      – SubjectFull: Neurobehavioral disorders
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      – SubjectFull: Diseases in older people
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            NameFull: Slater, Marie-Eve
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            NameFull: Whitehead, Victor
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              Text: Feb2008
              Type: published
              Y: 2008
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