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Early detection of Alzheimer's disease: a new working memory paradigm.

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Title: Early detection of Alzheimer's disease: a new working memory paradigm.
Authors: Toepper, Max, Beblo, Thomas, Thomas, Christine, Driessen, Martin
Source: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Mar2008, Vol. 23 Issue 3, p272-278. 7p. 3 Charts, 2 Graphs.
Subjects: Alzheimer's disease, Memory, Neuropsychological tests, Clinical neuropsychology, Patients
Abstract: Objectives Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) offers the chance to decelerate the patients' cognitive decline and to prolong a self-determined, independent life. Neuropsychological testing is one key approach to establish an early diagnosis. Whereas more global cognitive abilities can be preserved until further progression of the disease, specific executive abilities such as dual-task or active inhibition processes decline very early. Our recently developed working memory paradigm, the Block Suppression Test (BST), requires an active inhibition of irrelevant stimuli and thus should differentiate between Alzheimer patients and controls in early disease stages more accurately than classical screening instruments. Methods In a pilot study we applied the BST, the MMSE, the clock drawing test, a digit-word transformation task as well as verbal and spatial memory span tasks to a group of 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 13 elderly controls and compared the instruments' capability to differentiate between patients and controls. Results The BST showed the highest sensitivity among all applied tests with a perfect differentiation of healthy subjects and patients. The patients' backward spans were significantly reduced, in the inhibition condition they showed disproportionally worse performances. Conclusions Our results reveal a specific inhibition deficit in mild AD rather than a global working memory breakdown. The BST thus was superior for early diagnosis. However, these findings must be replicated in a larger sample to prove the BST's applicability for the early diagnostic assessment of AD and other dementias. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Early detection of Alzheimer's disease: a new working memory paradigm.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Toepper%2C+Max%22">Toepper, Max</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Beblo%2C+Thomas%22">Beblo, Thomas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thomas%2C+Christine%22">Thomas, Christine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Driessen%2C+Martin%22">Driessen, Martin</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Geriatric+Psychiatry%22">International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry</searchLink>. Mar2008, Vol. 23 Issue 3, p272-278. 7p. 3 Charts, 2 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alzheimer's+disease%22">Alzheimer's disease</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory%22">Memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neuropsychological+tests%22">Neuropsychological tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Clinical+neuropsychology%22">Clinical neuropsychology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Patients%22">Patients</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objectives Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) offers the chance to decelerate the patients' cognitive decline and to prolong a self-determined, independent life. Neuropsychological testing is one key approach to establish an early diagnosis. Whereas more global cognitive abilities can be preserved until further progression of the disease, specific executive abilities such as dual-task or active inhibition processes decline very early. Our recently developed working memory paradigm, the Block Suppression Test (BST), requires an active inhibition of irrelevant stimuli and thus should differentiate between Alzheimer patients and controls in early disease stages more accurately than classical screening instruments. Methods In a pilot study we applied the BST, the MMSE, the clock drawing test, a digit-word transformation task as well as verbal and spatial memory span tasks to a group of 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 13 elderly controls and compared the instruments' capability to differentiate between patients and controls. Results The BST showed the highest sensitivity among all applied tests with a perfect differentiation of healthy subjects and patients. The patients' backward spans were significantly reduced, in the inhibition condition they showed disproportionally worse performances. Conclusions Our results reveal a specific inhibition deficit in mild AD rather than a global working memory breakdown. The BST thus was superior for early diagnosis. However, these findings must be replicated in a larger sample to prove the BST's applicability for the early diagnostic assessment of AD and other dementias. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/gps.1873
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        Text: English
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              Text: Mar2008
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