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The Clinical Management and Prevention of Pica: A Retrospective Follow-Up of 41 Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities and Pica.

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Title: The Clinical Management and Prevention of Pica: A Retrospective Follow-Up of 41 Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities and Pica.
Authors: Williams, Don E. (AUTHOR), Kirkpatrick‐Sanchez, Sharon (AUTHOR), Enzinna, Christie (AUTHOR), Dunn, Jacqueline (AUTHOR), Borden‐Karasack, Deborah (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. Mar2009, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p210-215. 6p. 1 Chart.
Subjects: Psychological research, Self-injurious behavior, Intellectuals, People with disabilities, Safety goggles, Human behavior, Psychologists, Oral hygiene, Pathological psychology
Abstract: Background Pica is a very dangerous form of self-injurious behaviour because one occurrence can be lethal. Dealing successfully with dangerous pica in a large institution requires a high level of administrative support. It cannot be relegated to each psychologist to write a programme. A written behaviour programme is only one component of long-term treatment. Method This study describes an intervention for people with intellectual disabilities and pica that included comprehensive management of the environment as well as behaviour treatment over a 9-year period. Results Over a 9-year period, nine surgeries for pica-related incidents occurred prior to intervention; over the 9 years of intervention, pica surgeries were eliminated. Eighty-five percent of participants experienced a 75–100% reduction in pica. Sixteen participants still had restrictive procedures including oral hygiene, overcorrection, contingent personal restraint, contingent mechanical restraint and visual screening with goggles. All continuous mechanical restraint that had been used in baseline was eliminated. Conclusion People with intellectual disabilities and dangerous pica can be protected on a long-term basis from serious harm if proper management and clinical interventions are both employed. Although restrictive interventions were used on a long-term basis, they were contingent upon a pica incident or pica attempts, which occurred much lower than in baseline sessions. Resident rights were protected throughout the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: The Clinical Management and Prevention of Pica: A Retrospective Follow-Up of 41 Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities and Pica.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Williams%2C+Don+E%2E%22">Williams, Don E.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kirkpatrick‐Sanchez%2C+Sharon%22">Kirkpatrick‐Sanchez, Sharon</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Enzinna%2C+Christie%22">Enzinna, Christie</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dunn%2C+Jacqueline%22">Dunn, Jacqueline</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Borden‐Karasack%2C+Deborah%22">Borden‐Karasack, Deborah</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Applied+Research+in+Intellectual+Disabilities%22">Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities</searchLink>. Mar2009, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p210-215. 6p. 1 Chart.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+research%22">Psychological research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-injurious+behavior%22">Self-injurious behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intellectuals%22">Intellectuals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22People+with+disabilities%22">People with disabilities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Safety+goggles%22">Safety goggles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+behavior%22">Human behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychologists%22">Psychologists</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oral+hygiene%22">Oral hygiene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pathological+psychology%22">Pathological psychology</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background Pica is a very dangerous form of self-injurious behaviour because one occurrence can be lethal. Dealing successfully with dangerous pica in a large institution requires a high level of administrative support. It cannot be relegated to each psychologist to write a programme. A written behaviour programme is only one component of long-term treatment. Method This study describes an intervention for people with intellectual disabilities and pica that included comprehensive management of the environment as well as behaviour treatment over a 9-year period. Results Over a 9-year period, nine surgeries for pica-related incidents occurred prior to intervention; over the 9 years of intervention, pica surgeries were eliminated. Eighty-five percent of participants experienced a 75–100% reduction in pica. Sixteen participants still had restrictive procedures including oral hygiene, overcorrection, contingent personal restraint, contingent mechanical restraint and visual screening with goggles. All continuous mechanical restraint that had been used in baseline was eliminated. Conclusion People with intellectual disabilities and dangerous pica can be protected on a long-term basis from serious harm if proper management and clinical interventions are both employed. Although restrictive interventions were used on a long-term basis, they were contingent upon a pica incident or pica attempts, which occurred much lower than in baseline sessions. Resident rights were protected throughout the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2008.00490.x
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      – TitleFull: The Clinical Management and Prevention of Pica: A Retrospective Follow-Up of 41 Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities and Pica.
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              Text: Mar2009
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