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A low-energy core-collapse supernova without a hydrogen envelope.

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Title: A low-energy core-collapse supernova without a hydrogen envelope.
Authors: Valenti, S., Pastorello, A., Cappellaro, E., Benetti, S., Mazzali, P. A., Manteca, J., Taubenberger, S., Elias-Rosa, N., Ferrando, R., Harutyunyan, A., Hentunen, V. P., Nissinen, M., Pian, E., Turatto, M., Zampieri, L., Smartt, S. J.
Source: Nature. 6/4/2009, Vol. 459 Issue 7247, p674-677. 4p. 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs.
Subjects: Letters to the editor, Supernovae
Abstract: The final fate of massive stars depends on many factors. Theory suggests that some with initial masses greater than 25 to 30 solar masses end up as Wolf–Rayet stars, which are deficient in hydrogen in their outer layers because of mass loss through strong stellar winds. The most massive of these stars have cores which may form a black hole and theory predicts that the resulting explosion of some of them produces ejecta of low kinetic energy, a faint optical luminosity and a small mass fraction of radioactive nickel. An alternative origin for low-energy supernovae is the collapse of the oxygen–neon core of a star of 7–9 solar masses. No weak, hydrogen-deficient, core-collapse supernovae have hitherto been seen. Here we report that SN 2008ha is a faint hydrogen-poor supernova. We propose that other similar events have been observed but have been misclassified as peculiar thermonuclear supernovae (sometimes labelled SN 2002cx-like events). This discovery could link these faint supernovae to some long-duration γ-ray bursts, because extremely faint, hydrogen-stripped core-collapse supernovae have been proposed to produce such long γ-ray bursts, the afterglows of which do not show evidence of associated supernovae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: A low-energy core-collapse supernova without a hydrogen envelope.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Valenti%2C+S%2E%22">Valenti, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pastorello%2C+A%2E%22">Pastorello, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cappellaro%2C+E%2E%22">Cappellaro, E.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Benetti%2C+S%2E%22">Benetti, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mazzali%2C+P%2E+A%2E%22">Mazzali, P. A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Manteca%2C+J%2E%22">Manteca, J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Taubenberger%2C+S%2E%22">Taubenberger, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elias-Rosa%2C+N%2E%22">Elias-Rosa, N.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferrando%2C+R%2E%22">Ferrando, R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Harutyunyan%2C+A%2E%22">Harutyunyan, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hentunen%2C+V%2E+P%2E%22">Hentunen, V. P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nissinen%2C+M%2E%22">Nissinen, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pian%2C+E%2E%22">Pian, E.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Turatto%2C+M%2E%22">Turatto, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zampieri%2C+L%2E%22">Zampieri, L.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smartt%2C+S%2E+J%2E%22">Smartt, S. J.</searchLink>
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  Data: The final fate of massive stars depends on many factors. Theory suggests that some with initial masses greater than 25 to 30 solar masses end up as Wolf–Rayet stars, which are deficient in hydrogen in their outer layers because of mass loss through strong stellar winds. The most massive of these stars have cores which may form a black hole and theory predicts that the resulting explosion of some of them produces ejecta of low kinetic energy, a faint optical luminosity and a small mass fraction of radioactive nickel. An alternative origin for low-energy supernovae is the collapse of the oxygen–neon core of a star of 7–9 solar masses. No weak, hydrogen-deficient, core-collapse supernovae have hitherto been seen. Here we report that SN 2008ha is a faint hydrogen-poor supernova. We propose that other similar events have been observed but have been misclassified as peculiar thermonuclear supernovae (sometimes labelled SN 2002cx-like events). This discovery could link these faint supernovae to some long-duration γ-ray bursts, because extremely faint, hydrogen-stripped core-collapse supernovae have been proposed to produce such long γ-ray bursts, the afterglows of which do not show evidence of associated supernovae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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