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Early adversity in chronic depression: clinical correlates and response to pharmacotherapy.

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Title: Early adversity in chronic depression: clinical correlates and response to pharmacotherapy.
Authors: Klein, Daniel N. (AUTHOR), Arnow, Bruce A. (AUTHOR), Barkin, Jennifer L. (AUTHOR), Dowling, Frank (AUTHOR), Kocsis, James H. (AUTHOR), Leon, Andrew C. (AUTHOR), Manber, Rachel (AUTHOR), Rothbaum, Barbara O. (AUTHOR), Trivedi, Madhukar H. (AUTHOR), Wisniewski, Stephen R. (AUTHOR)
Source: Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269). Aug2009, Vol. 26 Issue 8, p701-710. 10p. 3 Charts, 1 Graph.
Subjects: Mental depression, Affective disorders, Child abuse, Drug therapy, Personality
Abstract: Background: There is growing evidence suggesting that early adversity may be a marker for a distinct pathway to major depressive disorder (MDD). We examined associations between childhood adversity and a broad variety of clinical characteristics and response to pharmacotherapy in a large sample of patients with chronic forms of MDD. Methods: Subjects included 808 patients with chronic forms of MDD (chronic MDD, double depression, or recurrent MDD with incomplete recovery between episodes and a total continuous duration of >2 years) who were enrolled in a 12-week open-label trial of algorithm-guided pharmacotherapy. Baseline assessments included a semi-structured diagnostic interview, and clinician- and self-rated measures of depressive symptoms, social functioning, depressotypic cognitions, and personality traits, and childhood adversity. Patients were re-evaluated every 2 weeks. Results: A longer duration of illness; earlier onset; greater number of episodes, symptom severity, self-rated functional impairment, suicidality, and comorbid anxiety disorder; and higher levels of dysfunctional attitudes and self-criticism were each associated with multiple forms of childhood adversity. A history of maternal overcontrol, paternal abuse, paternal indifference, sexual abuse, and an index of clinically significant abuse each predicted a lower probability of remission. Among patients completing the 12-week trial, 32% with a history of clinically significant abuse, compared to 44% without such a history, achieved remission. Conclusions: These findings indicate that a history of childhood adversity is associated with an especially chronic form of MDD that is less responsive to antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Early adversity in chronic depression: clinical correlates and response to pharmacotherapy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Klein%2C+Daniel+N%2E%22">Klein, Daniel N.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arnow%2C+Bruce+A%2E%22">Arnow, Bruce A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barkin%2C+Jennifer+L%2E%22">Barkin, Jennifer L.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dowling%2C+Frank%22">Dowling, Frank</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kocsis%2C+James+H%2E%22">Kocsis, James H.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Leon%2C+Andrew+C%2E%22">Leon, Andrew C.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Manber%2C+Rachel%22">Manber, Rachel</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rothbaum%2C+Barbara+O%2E%22">Rothbaum, Barbara O.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Trivedi%2C+Madhukar+H%2E%22">Trivedi, Madhukar H.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wisniewski%2C+Stephen+R%2E%22">Wisniewski, Stephen R.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Depression+%26+Anxiety+%281091-4269%29%22">Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269)</searchLink>. Aug2009, Vol. 26 Issue 8, p701-710. 10p. 3 Charts, 1 Graph.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+depression%22">Mental depression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Affective+disorders%22">Affective disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+abuse%22">Child abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+therapy%22">Drug therapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Personality%22">Personality</searchLink>
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  Data: Background: There is growing evidence suggesting that early adversity may be a marker for a distinct pathway to major depressive disorder (MDD). We examined associations between childhood adversity and a broad variety of clinical characteristics and response to pharmacotherapy in a large sample of patients with chronic forms of MDD. Methods: Subjects included 808 patients with chronic forms of MDD (chronic MDD, double depression, or recurrent MDD with incomplete recovery between episodes and a total continuous duration of >2 years) who were enrolled in a 12-week open-label trial of algorithm-guided pharmacotherapy. Baseline assessments included a semi-structured diagnostic interview, and clinician- and self-rated measures of depressive symptoms, social functioning, depressotypic cognitions, and personality traits, and childhood adversity. Patients were re-evaluated every 2 weeks. Results: A longer duration of illness; earlier onset; greater number of episodes, symptom severity, self-rated functional impairment, suicidality, and comorbid anxiety disorder; and higher levels of dysfunctional attitudes and self-criticism were each associated with multiple forms of childhood adversity. A history of maternal overcontrol, paternal abuse, paternal indifference, sexual abuse, and an index of clinically significant abuse each predicted a lower probability of remission. Among patients completing the 12-week trial, 32% with a history of clinically significant abuse, compared to 44% without such a history, achieved remission. Conclusions: These findings indicate that a history of childhood adversity is associated with an especially chronic form of MDD that is less responsive to antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. Published 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: Aug2009
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