A relativistic type Ibc supernova without a detected γ-ray burst.

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Title: A relativistic type Ibc supernova without a detected γ-ray burst.
Authors: Soderberg, A. M., Chakraborti, S., Pignata, G., Chevalier, R. A., Chandra, P., Ray, A., Wieringa, M. H., Copete, A., Chaplin, V., Connaughton, V., Barthelmy, S. D., Bietenholz, M. F., Chugai, N., Stritzinger, M. D., Hamuy, M., Fransson, C., Fox, O., Levesque, E. M., Grindlay, J. E., Challis, P.
Source: Nature. 1/28/2010, Vol. 463 Issue 7280, p513-515. 3p. 4 Graphs.
Subjects: Type I supernovae, Neutron stars, Solar radio emission, Satellite dish antennas, Engines, Astrophysical collisions, Particles (Nuclear physics), Pulsars, Physical sciences
Abstract: Long duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) mark the explosive death of some massive stars and are a rare sub-class of type Ibc supernovae. They are distinguished by the production of an energetic and collimated relativistic outflow powered by a central engine (an accreting black hole or neutron star). Observationally, this outflow is manifested in the pulse of γ-rays and a long-lived radio afterglow. Until now, central-engine-driven supernovae have been discovered exclusively through their γ-ray emission, yet it is expected that a larger population goes undetected because of limited satellite sensitivity or beaming of the collimated emission away from our line of sight. In this framework, the recovery of undetected GRBs may be possible through radio searches for type Ibc supernovae with relativistic outflows. Here we report the discovery of luminous radio emission from the seemingly ordinary type Ibc SN 2009bb, which requires a substantial relativistic outflow powered by a central engine. A comparison with our radio survey of type Ibc supernovae reveals that the fraction harbouring central engines is low, about one per cent, measured independently from, but consistent with, the inferred rate of nearby GRBs. Independently, a second mildly relativistic supernova has been reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A relativistic type Ibc supernova without a detected γ-ray burst.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Soderberg%2C+A%2E+M%2E%22">Soderberg, A. M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chakraborti%2C+S%2E%22">Chakraborti, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pignata%2C+G%2E%22">Pignata, G.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chevalier%2C+R%2E+A%2E%22">Chevalier, R. A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chandra%2C+P%2E%22">Chandra, P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ray%2C+A%2E%22">Ray, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wieringa%2C+M%2E+H%2E%22">Wieringa, M. H.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Copete%2C+A%2E%22">Copete, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chaplin%2C+V%2E%22">Chaplin, V.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Connaughton%2C+V%2E%22">Connaughton, V.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barthelmy%2C+S%2E+D%2E%22">Barthelmy, S. D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bietenholz%2C+M%2E+F%2E%22">Bietenholz, M. F.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chugai%2C+N%2E%22">Chugai, N.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stritzinger%2C+M%2E+D%2E%22">Stritzinger, M. D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hamuy%2C+M%2E%22">Hamuy, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fransson%2C+C%2E%22">Fransson, C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fox%2C+O%2E%22">Fox, O.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Levesque%2C+E%2E+M%2E%22">Levesque, E. M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grindlay%2C+J%2E+E%2E%22">Grindlay, J. E.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Challis%2C+P%2E%22">Challis, P.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Type+I+supernovae%22">Type I supernovae</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neutron+stars%22">Neutron stars</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+radio+emission%22">Solar radio emission</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Satellite+dish+antennas%22">Satellite dish antennas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Engines%22">Engines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Astrophysical+collisions%22">Astrophysical collisions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particles+%28Nuclear+physics%29%22">Particles (Nuclear physics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pulsars%22">Pulsars</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+sciences%22">Physical sciences</searchLink>
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  Data: Long duration γ-ray bursts (GRBs) mark the explosive death of some massive stars and are a rare sub-class of type Ibc supernovae. They are distinguished by the production of an energetic and collimated relativistic outflow powered by a central engine (an accreting black hole or neutron star). Observationally, this outflow is manifested in the pulse of γ-rays and a long-lived radio afterglow. Until now, central-engine-driven supernovae have been discovered exclusively through their γ-ray emission, yet it is expected that a larger population goes undetected because of limited satellite sensitivity or beaming of the collimated emission away from our line of sight. In this framework, the recovery of undetected GRBs may be possible through radio searches for type Ibc supernovae with relativistic outflows. Here we report the discovery of luminous radio emission from the seemingly ordinary type Ibc SN 2009bb, which requires a substantial relativistic outflow powered by a central engine. A comparison with our radio survey of type Ibc supernovae reveals that the fraction harbouring central engines is low, about one per cent, measured independently from, but consistent with, the inferred rate of nearby GRBs. Independently, a second mildly relativistic supernova has been reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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