Comparative genomics reveals mobile pathogenicity chromosomes in Fusarium.

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Bibliographic Details
Title:	Comparative genomics reveals mobile pathogenicity chromosomes in Fusarium.
Authors:	Ma, Li-Jun, van der Does, H. Charlotte, Borkovich, Katherine A., Coleman, Jeffrey J., Daboussi, Marie-Josée, Di Pietro, Antonio, Dufresne, Marie, Freitag, Michael, Grabherr, Manfred, Henrissat, Bernard, Houterman, Petra M., Kang, Seogchan, Shim, Won-Bo, Woloshuk, Charles, Xie, Xiaohui, Xu, Jin-Rong, Antoniw, John, Baker, Scott E., Bluhm, Burton H., Breakspear, Andrew
Source:	Nature. 3/18/2010, Vol. 464 Issue 7287, p367-373. 7p. 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs.
Subjects:	Fusarium, Fungi, Phytopathogenic fungi, Toxigenic fungi, Genomics, Chromosomes, Transposons, Monocotyledons, Dicotyledons, Plants
Abstract:	Fusarium species are among the most important phytopathogenic and toxigenic fungi. To understand the molecular underpinnings of pathogenicity in the genus Fusarium, we compared the genomes of three phenotypically diverse species: Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Our analysis revealed lineage-specific (LS) genomic regions in F. oxysporum that include four entire chromosomes and account for more than one-quarter of the genome. LS regions are rich in transposons and genes with distinct evolutionary profiles but related to pathogenicity, indicative of horizontal acquisition. Experimentally, we demonstrate the transfer of two LS chromosomes between strains of F. oxysporum, converting a non-pathogenic strain into a pathogen. Transfer of LS chromosomes between otherwise genetically isolated strains explains the polyphyletic origin of host specificity and the emergence of new pathogenic lineages in F. oxysporum. These findings put the evolution of fungal pathogenicity into a new perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection

Description
Abstract:	Fusarium species are among the most important phytopathogenic and toxigenic fungi. To understand the molecular underpinnings of pathogenicity in the genus Fusarium, we compared the genomes of three phenotypically diverse species: Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Our analysis revealed lineage-specific (LS) genomic regions in F. oxysporum that include four entire chromosomes and account for more than one-quarter of the genome. LS regions are rich in transposons and genes with distinct evolutionary profiles but related to pathogenicity, indicative of horizontal acquisition. Experimentally, we demonstrate the transfer of two LS chromosomes between strains of F. oxysporum, converting a non-pathogenic strain into a pathogen. Transfer of LS chromosomes between otherwise genetically isolated strains explains the polyphyletic origin of host specificity and the emergence of new pathogenic lineages in F. oxysporum. These findings put the evolution of fungal pathogenicity into a new perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	00280836
DOI:	10.1038/nature08850